The Invisible Climate Engineers Running Our Ocean

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What if some of

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the most

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important climate

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solutions on

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Earth are

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invisible?

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Not whales, not

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coral reefs, not

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even forests,

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microbes.

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Tiny organisms

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smaller than a

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grain of sand

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regulate the

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planet's climate,

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produce a huge

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number of the

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oxygen we

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breathe, and move

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massive amounts

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of carbon through

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the ocean

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every single

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day. Scientists

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are now exploring

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how some of these

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organisms could

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even help us

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capture carbon

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dioxide and fight

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climate change.

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But today's

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conversation goes

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beyond micros and

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biotechnology

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because our guest

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is asking a much

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bigger question.

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If science

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understands

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life so well

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at the molecular

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level, why does

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it struggle to

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help us

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understand how we

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live? This

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is how to

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Protect the Ocean

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podcast, your

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weekday ocean

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conservation

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podcast. If you

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want to stay

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informed about

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ocean science,

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conservation, and

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the people

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working to

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protect our

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ocean planet,

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make sure you

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follow the

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podcast so you

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don't miss next

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week's episode.

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Today I'm

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speaking with Dr.

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Jose Angel

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Moreno-Cabezuelo,

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a synthetic

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biologist working

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in Oxford where

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he leads research

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engineering sound

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of bacteria, some

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of the oldest

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organisms

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on Earth,

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to capture carbon

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dioxide using

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sunlight and

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biology. His work

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sits at the

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intersection of

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biology, climate

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solutions, and

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biotechnology,

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using

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microorganisms as

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light-powered

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living factories

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that can help us

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rethink how we

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produce materials

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and reduce

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emissions. But

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Dr. Moreno

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Cabezuelo is also exploring

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something deeper.

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After

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years inside

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the scientific

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systems,

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publishing

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papers, and

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presenting

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research around

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the

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world, he began

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asking difficult

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questions about

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how science

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communicates

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knowledge and why

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so much

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of it fails

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to connect with

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people it's meant

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to serve. That

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journey led him

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right to the

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book,

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Heartbeats of

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Consciousness, a

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story that blends

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neuroscience,

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biology,

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philosophy, and

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the human

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experience of

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understanding

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life. Today we're

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going to talk

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about microbes

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that help run the

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planet, the

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promise of

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biological

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climate

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solutions, and

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why science might

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need to rethink

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how it speaks to

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the world. Here's

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the interview

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with Jose and Joy

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and I'll talk to

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you after.

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Jose, welcome to

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the How to

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Protect the Ocean

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podcast. Are you

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ready to talk

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about microbes

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and

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cyanobacteria?

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Yes, ready and

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really excited

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for that. All

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right, I'm

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excited as well.

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You know, we

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don't get to talk

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about microbes a

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lot, but they're

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such an important

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part of the ocean

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that I think it's

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really important

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when you when you

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connect with me

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Jose. And you're

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like, Hey, this

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is what I do. I

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talk about

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cyanobacteria. I

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work with it. I

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do research on

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it. And I'm like,

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Okay, this is

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cool because we

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need to talk more

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about microbes,

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especially when

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we talk about

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climate change,

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cyanobacteria. There's so much we need to get into. So we're going to talk about your research in it, how you got into and how you got your PhDs, how you got
your PhDs in it, how you got your PhDs, how you got your PhDs in it, how you got your PhDs in it, how you got your PhDs in it, how you got your PhDs in it.

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There's so much

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we need to

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get into.

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So we're gonna

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talk about your

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research in it,

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how you got into

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it, how you got

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your PhD

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and so forth,

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and where you are

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today and what

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you're

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doing with this.

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But before we do,

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let's talk a

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little bit about

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yourself

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and get to know

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you a little bit.

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Let's start off

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with who you are

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and what you do.

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Hi, Andrea.

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First of all,

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thank you for

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this opportunity.

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I am Jose Angel.

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I'm a molecular

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biologist based

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in Osfor, United

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Kingdom.

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I'm from nearly

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more than

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10 years.

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I have been

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working

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specifically with

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an organism

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called

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Cenobacteria,

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some of the most

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abundant

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photosynthetics

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organisms

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on Earth.

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So I did my PhD

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in Spain,

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studying how this

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organism regulate

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glucose uptake

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and metabolism in

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species like

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Cinecococcus,

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Plocococcus,

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which are

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organisms very

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interesting

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because it

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dominates much of

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the global ocean.

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And since then, I

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have been working

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in different

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countries,

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Spain, Portugal,

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now in the UK,

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including the

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development of

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fast-growing

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Cenobacteria

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strain

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as a renewable

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platform for

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carbon capture

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and sustainable

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bio-manufacturing.

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And today I am

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leading

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Cenobacteria

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research in a

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company called

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Cenocapture

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in Osfor

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in order to

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produce a wide

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range of

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compounds.

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Because you can

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use this

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Cenobacteria in

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order to produce

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like

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compounds like

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biomedical

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compounds,

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biofuel, and so

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many compounds

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that have a lot

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of applications.

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But the thing

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about the

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technical details

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and publication,

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the thing that

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most

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still amaze me

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is this. And it

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is this organism

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that I am

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studying every

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day in the

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laboratory,

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are responsible

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for around half

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of the oxygen

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that we breathe.

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So think

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about that.

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And most of the

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people don't even

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know that they

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exist because we

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tend to protect

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what we see,

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but it is what we

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don't see that

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keep us alive.

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And that's why I

318
00:04:45,291 --> 00:04:46,333
felt such a

319
00:04:46,333 --> 00:04:47,000
strong connection

320
00:04:47,375 --> 00:04:47,958
with your

321
00:04:47,958 --> 00:04:48,583
podcast, Andrew,

322
00:04:49,083 --> 00:04:49,458
because

323
00:04:49,458 --> 00:04:50,166
protecting the

324
00:04:50,166 --> 00:04:51,958
ocean, it is not

325
00:04:51,958 --> 00:04:52,500
just about

326
00:04:52,500 --> 00:04:52,958
protecting

327
00:04:52,958 --> 00:04:53,750
the water,

328
00:04:54,333 --> 00:04:54,958
it's about

329
00:04:54,958 --> 00:04:55,791
protecting the

330
00:04:55,791 --> 00:04:56,875
invisible system

331
00:04:56,875 --> 00:04:57,958
that sustains

332
00:04:57,958 --> 00:04:58,416
life

333
00:04:58,416 --> 00:05:00,916
itself. So today,

334
00:05:00,916 --> 00:05:02,000
Andrew, I want to

335
00:05:02,000 --> 00:05:03,125
start the podcast

336
00:05:03,125 --> 00:05:04,000
in a slightly

337
00:05:04,000 --> 00:05:04,708
different way.

338
00:05:05,458 --> 00:05:05,916
And this is a

339
00:05:05,916 --> 00:05:06,791
good exercise for

340
00:05:06,791 --> 00:05:07,416
the audience.

341
00:05:08,583 --> 00:05:09,916
So I want you and

342
00:05:09,916 --> 00:05:10,791
the audience to

343
00:05:10,791 --> 00:05:11,750
close your eyes

344
00:05:11,750 --> 00:05:12,458
for a moment.

345
00:05:13,916 --> 00:05:14,375
Just three

346
00:05:14,375 --> 00:05:14,541
seconds.

347
00:05:14,583 --> 00:05:15,583
Okay, done.

348
00:05:18,125 --> 00:05:20,416
And now, when you

349
00:05:20,416 --> 00:05:21,166
have them close,

350
00:05:21,750 --> 00:05:22,541
feel something

351
00:05:22,541 --> 00:05:23,500
happening right

352
00:05:23,500 --> 00:05:25,208
now without you

353
00:05:25,208 --> 00:05:26,125
having to do

354
00:05:26,125 --> 00:05:27,833
anything for it

355
00:05:27,833 --> 00:05:28,416
to happen.

356
00:05:30,833 --> 00:05:31,833
And your head is

357
00:05:31,833 --> 00:05:34,250
beating. So you

358
00:05:34,250 --> 00:05:34,833
cannot put your

359
00:05:34,833 --> 00:05:36,750
eyes and that

360
00:05:36,750 --> 00:05:38,291
head beats depend

361
00:05:38,291 --> 00:05:39,833
on oxygen.

362
00:05:41,041 --> 00:05:41,708
And a wrong half

363
00:05:41,708 --> 00:05:42,583
of that oxygen

364
00:05:42,583 --> 00:05:44,000
comes from

365
00:05:44,000 --> 00:05:44,750
microscopic

366
00:05:44,750 --> 00:05:46,041
marine organism,

367
00:05:46,666 --> 00:05:47,500
not from

368
00:05:47,500 --> 00:05:48,208
forest alone,

369
00:05:48,958 --> 00:05:49,791
from the ocean,

370
00:05:50,916 --> 00:05:51,541
because the ocean

371
00:05:51,541 --> 00:05:52,916
is not, you know,

372
00:05:53,166 --> 00:05:54,208
out there. It is

373
00:05:54,208 --> 00:05:54,708
circulating

374
00:05:54,708 --> 00:05:55,500
through you

375
00:05:55,500 --> 00:05:56,000
right now.

376
00:05:56,958 --> 00:05:57,375
When we think

377
00:05:57,375 --> 00:05:58,208
about the ocean,

378
00:05:58,666 --> 00:05:59,458
you know, most of

379
00:05:59,458 --> 00:06:00,041
the people we

380
00:06:00,041 --> 00:06:01,666
imagine, whales,

381
00:06:02,208 --> 00:06:03,083
coral reefs,

382
00:06:03,583 --> 00:06:05,208
sharks, wave

383
00:06:05,208 --> 00:06:06,375
crossings, a

384
00:06:06,375 --> 00:06:08,000
cliff. But the

385
00:06:08,000 --> 00:06:08,833
true engine in

386
00:06:08,833 --> 00:06:09,583
the true engine

387
00:06:09,583 --> 00:06:10,333
of this,

388
00:06:10,583 --> 00:06:11,958
the ocean is

389
00:06:11,958 --> 00:06:12,833
invisible. It's

390
00:06:12,833 --> 00:06:13,000
the

391
00:06:13,000 --> 00:06:14,500
phytoplactone.

392
00:06:14,500 --> 00:06:15,708
And among them

393
00:06:15,708 --> 00:06:17,000
cyanobacteria.

394
00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:18,750
They are

395
00:06:18,750 --> 00:06:19,541
microscopic.

396
00:06:19,875 --> 00:06:20,958
You can see them

397
00:06:20,958 --> 00:06:21,916
drifting in open

398
00:06:21,916 --> 00:06:23,500
water. And yet

399
00:06:23,500 --> 00:06:24,583
they regulated

400
00:06:24,583 --> 00:06:25,416
atmospheric

401
00:06:25,416 --> 00:06:26,125
chemistry,

402
00:06:26,708 --> 00:06:27,583
absorb carbon

403
00:06:27,583 --> 00:06:29,500
dioxide and

404
00:06:29,500 --> 00:06:30,833
products oxygen.

405
00:06:31,500 --> 00:06:32,458
And actually, let

406
00:06:32,458 --> 00:06:33,583
me show you

407
00:06:33,583 --> 00:06:34,000
something.

408
00:06:36,791 --> 00:06:38,625
So this may look

409
00:06:38,625 --> 00:06:40,500
nothing special,

410
00:06:40,791 --> 00:06:42,875
just a green

411
00:06:42,875 --> 00:06:44,000
liquid in a

412
00:06:44,000 --> 00:06:45,541
flask. But when

413
00:06:45,541 --> 00:06:46,541
you are looking

414
00:06:46,541 --> 00:06:47,000
at here,

415
00:06:47,666 --> 00:06:48,750
are billions of

416
00:06:48,750 --> 00:06:49,333
cyanobacteria

417
00:06:49,333 --> 00:06:50,625
cells performing

418
00:06:50,625 --> 00:06:51,250
photosynthesis

419
00:06:51,250 --> 00:06:52,833
right now. So

420
00:06:52,833 --> 00:06:53,208
they are

421
00:06:53,208 --> 00:06:54,208
absorbing light.

422
00:06:54,250 --> 00:06:55,041
They are fixing

423
00:06:55,041 --> 00:06:55,958
carbon dioxide.

424
00:06:56,791 --> 00:06:57,083
They are

425
00:06:57,083 --> 00:06:58,666
releasing the

426
00:06:58,666 --> 00:06:59,708
oxygen. So this

427
00:06:59,708 --> 00:06:59,958
is getting

428
00:06:59,958 --> 00:07:00,458
culture.

429
00:07:01,833 --> 00:07:02,500
We think about

430
00:07:02,500 --> 00:07:03,583
that. Multiply

431
00:07:03,583 --> 00:07:04,708
across the region

432
00:07:04,708 --> 00:07:06,041
of the ocean is

433
00:07:06,041 --> 00:07:06,833
what established

434
00:07:06,833 --> 00:07:07,750
our atmosphere.

435
00:07:08,750 --> 00:07:09,041
And what

436
00:07:09,041 --> 00:07:10,750
fascinated me is

437
00:07:10,750 --> 00:07:12,541
that something so

438
00:07:12,541 --> 00:07:13,708
visually and

439
00:07:13,708 --> 00:07:15,083
impressive is

440
00:07:15,125 --> 00:07:17,000
this biolike

441
00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:19,000
monumental. You

442
00:07:19,000 --> 00:07:20,125
don't need a

443
00:07:20,125 --> 00:07:20,958
whale to regulate

444
00:07:20,958 --> 00:07:22,125
climate.

445
00:07:22,583 --> 00:07:23,250
Sometimes you

446
00:07:23,250 --> 00:07:25,166
need just cells,

447
00:07:25,791 --> 00:07:26,208
tiny ones.

448
00:07:27,500 --> 00:07:29,125
So now, right,

449
00:07:29,916 --> 00:07:30,500
billions of them.

450
00:07:31,000 --> 00:07:32,500
Absolutely. Now

451
00:07:32,500 --> 00:07:33,416
here is something

452
00:07:33,416 --> 00:07:34,000
extraordinary.

453
00:07:35,000 --> 00:07:35,916
Because the king

454
00:07:35,916 --> 00:07:36,916
of organisms you

455
00:07:36,916 --> 00:07:37,916
just saw in that

456
00:07:37,916 --> 00:07:39,375
flask, one

457
00:07:39,375 --> 00:07:40,041
changed

458
00:07:40,041 --> 00:07:40,666
entire planet.

459
00:07:41,500 --> 00:07:42,458
Because around

460
00:07:42,458 --> 00:07:44,958
2.5 billion years

461
00:07:44,958 --> 00:07:45,791
ago, the

462
00:07:45,791 --> 00:07:46,458
unsinsane

463
00:07:46,458 --> 00:07:47,875
bacteria began

464
00:07:47,875 --> 00:07:49,500
releasing oxygen

465
00:07:49,500 --> 00:07:50,541
as a bioproduct

466
00:07:50,541 --> 00:07:50,708
of

467
00:07:50,708 --> 00:07:51,458
photosynthesis.

468
00:07:52,375 --> 00:07:53,000
And at the time,

469
00:07:53,458 --> 00:07:53,750
Earth's

470
00:07:53,750 --> 00:07:54,125
atmosphere

471
00:07:54,125 --> 00:07:55,416
contained almost

472
00:07:55,416 --> 00:07:57,041
no free oxygen.

473
00:07:58,125 --> 00:07:59,833
Life was mostly

474
00:07:59,833 --> 00:08:00,625
anaerobic.

475
00:08:01,375 --> 00:08:02,750
So oxygen was in

476
00:08:02,750 --> 00:08:04,375
fact toxic to

477
00:08:04,375 --> 00:08:05,041
many organisms

478
00:08:05,041 --> 00:08:06,000
that they started

479
00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:06,458
to appear.

480
00:08:06,958 --> 00:08:08,000
But over a

481
00:08:08,000 --> 00:08:08,625
million years,

482
00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:09,541
oxygen

483
00:08:09,541 --> 00:08:11,166
accumulated in the atmosphere in

484
00:08:11,166 --> 00:08:12,250
Wagway, Nokal,

485
00:08:12,666 --> 00:08:13,000
the Great

486
00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:13,791
Oxidation

487
00:08:14,333 --> 00:08:15,583
Event. And that

488
00:08:15,583 --> 00:08:16,000
changed

489
00:08:16,000 --> 00:08:17,750
everything. It

490
00:08:17,750 --> 00:08:18,625
transformed the

491
00:08:18,625 --> 00:08:19,625
ocean chemistry,

492
00:08:20,291 --> 00:08:20,916
it received the

493
00:08:20,916 --> 00:08:21,416
atmosphere,

494
00:08:22,083 --> 00:08:23,208
it made complex

495
00:08:23,208 --> 00:08:25,000
life possible. So

496
00:08:25,000 --> 00:08:25,625
without that

497
00:08:25,625 --> 00:08:27,083
shift, there will

498
00:08:27,083 --> 00:08:27,750
be no

499
00:08:27,750 --> 00:08:29,333
animals, no forest,

500
00:08:29,833 --> 00:08:30,750
and we won't be

501
00:08:30,750 --> 00:08:31,958
here now having

502
00:08:31,958 --> 00:08:32,166
this

503
00:08:32,166 --> 00:08:32,708
conversation.

504
00:08:33,458 --> 00:08:37,166
The air, for

505
00:08:37,166 --> 00:08:37,916
example, that we

506
00:08:37,916 --> 00:08:40,166
bred today is in

507
00:08:40,166 --> 00:08:41,333
many ways the

508
00:08:41,333 --> 00:08:42,208
legacy of those

509
00:08:42,208 --> 00:08:43,000
microorganisms.

510
00:08:44,875 --> 00:08:45,083
And what

511
00:08:45,083 --> 00:08:46,166
fascinates me is

512
00:08:46,166 --> 00:08:47,166
this, it's the

513
00:08:47,166 --> 00:08:48,000
smallest organism

514
00:08:48,000 --> 00:08:48,916
in the ocean.

515
00:08:49,708 --> 00:08:50,833
One, recites the

516
00:08:50,833 --> 00:08:51,666
chemistry of the

517
00:08:51,666 --> 00:08:52,333
entire planet.

518
00:08:53,041 --> 00:08:54,875
Because we often

519
00:08:54,875 --> 00:08:56,083
think planetary

520
00:08:56,083 --> 00:08:57,083
chain requires,

521
00:08:57,375 --> 00:08:58,833
for example, something

522
00:08:58,833 --> 00:09:00,541
massive, for

523
00:09:00,541 --> 00:09:03,291
example, tectonic

524
00:09:03,291 --> 00:09:04,375
plates, volcanic

525
00:09:04,375 --> 00:09:05,000
eruption,

526
00:09:05,791 --> 00:09:06,625
asthetic impact.

527
00:09:07,708 --> 00:09:08,416
But sometimes

528
00:09:08,416 --> 00:09:09,875
planetary

529
00:09:09,875 --> 00:09:10,500
transformation

530
00:09:10,500 --> 00:09:11,250
comes from

531
00:09:11,250 --> 00:09:12,625
biology, from

532
00:09:12,625 --> 00:09:14,000
cells, from

533
00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:14,666
tiny ones.

534
00:09:16,666 --> 00:09:17,333
The historical

535
00:09:17,333 --> 00:09:18,375
purpose matters

536
00:09:18,375 --> 00:09:19,458
because it

537
00:09:19,458 --> 00:09:20,333
reminds us that

538
00:09:20,333 --> 00:09:21,375
the ocean is not

539
00:09:21,375 --> 00:09:22,500
a passive

540
00:09:22,500 --> 00:09:23,000
background.

541
00:09:23,916 --> 00:09:24,833
It's an effective

542
00:09:24,833 --> 00:09:26,250
regulatory system

543
00:09:26,250 --> 00:09:27,583
and it has saved

544
00:09:27,583 --> 00:09:29,041
Earth before and

545
00:09:29,041 --> 00:09:29,875
also it

546
00:09:29,875 --> 00:09:30,875
continues to

547
00:09:30,875 --> 00:09:33,041
to save it now.

548
00:09:33,750 --> 00:09:35,083
But, Andrew, here

549
00:09:35,083 --> 00:09:35,708
is the paradox.

550
00:09:36,458 --> 00:09:37,000
Because the same

551
00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:37,416
organism

552
00:09:37,416 --> 00:09:37,958
that once

553
00:09:38,083 --> 00:09:38,750
received the

554
00:09:38,750 --> 00:09:39,500
Earth as more

555
00:09:39,500 --> 00:09:40,708
fair and now

556
00:09:40,708 --> 00:09:41,291
living in an

557
00:09:41,291 --> 00:09:42,375
ocean that it is

558
00:09:42,375 --> 00:09:44,041
changing very,

559
00:09:44,041 --> 00:09:44,583
very fast.

560
00:09:45,166 --> 00:09:45,791
Because as you

561
00:09:45,791 --> 00:09:47,625
know, the ocean

562
00:09:47,625 --> 00:09:48,083
and the peritor

563
00:09:48,083 --> 00:09:50,041
are rising. The

564
00:09:50,041 --> 00:09:51,083
surface water are

565
00:09:51,083 --> 00:09:51,416
becoming

566
00:09:51,791 --> 00:09:52,750
more stratified,

567
00:09:53,333 --> 00:09:53,958
which limits

568
00:09:53,958 --> 00:09:55,208
nutrient mixing

569
00:09:55,208 --> 00:09:56,041
from deeper

570
00:09:56,041 --> 00:09:57,625
layers. The

571
00:09:57,625 --> 00:09:58,416
carbon dioxide

572
00:09:58,416 --> 00:09:58,875
dissolves

573
00:09:58,875 --> 00:09:59,833
into sea water

574
00:09:59,833 --> 00:10:01,125
and it's

575
00:10:01,125 --> 00:10:01,791
chemistry and

576
00:10:01,791 --> 00:10:02,875
contributing to

577
00:10:02,875 --> 00:10:03,791
one big problem

578
00:10:03,791 --> 00:10:04,458
that we have

579
00:10:04,458 --> 00:10:05,041
nowadays,

580
00:10:05,041 --> 00:10:05,666
that it is

581
00:10:05,958 --> 00:10:06,875
decidification.

582
00:10:08,083 --> 00:10:08,541
And at the

583
00:10:08,541 --> 00:10:09,625
microbial level,

584
00:10:09,958 --> 00:10:10,916
this changes of

585
00:10:10,916 --> 00:10:11,500
course matter.

586
00:10:12,250 --> 00:10:12,500
Because

587
00:10:12,500 --> 00:10:13,166
cyanobacteria

588
00:10:13,458 --> 00:10:14,041
are highly

589
00:10:14,041 --> 00:10:14,833
sensitive to

590
00:10:14,833 --> 00:10:15,708
light intensity,

591
00:10:16,166 --> 00:10:16,416
temperature

592
00:10:16,416 --> 00:10:18,041
range, nutrient

593
00:10:18,041 --> 00:10:18,666
availability,

594
00:10:19,583 --> 00:10:21,500
even a small sea

595
00:10:21,500 --> 00:10:22,875
can alter growth

596
00:10:22,875 --> 00:10:23,875
rates, community

597
00:10:23,875 --> 00:10:25,041
composition and

598
00:10:25,041 --> 00:10:25,416
metabolic

599
00:10:25,416 --> 00:10:25,958
balance.

600
00:10:27,166 --> 00:10:27,916
And because this

601
00:10:27,916 --> 00:10:30,125
organism sit at

602
00:10:30,125 --> 00:10:31,041
the base of the

603
00:10:31,041 --> 00:10:31,583
marine food

604
00:10:31,583 --> 00:10:32,958
waste, change at

605
00:10:32,958 --> 00:10:33,416
a level

606
00:10:33,416 --> 00:10:34,291
that don't

607
00:10:34,625 --> 00:10:35,583
stay microscopic.

608
00:10:36,041 --> 00:10:36,666
Because they

609
00:10:36,666 --> 00:10:37,958
propagate through

610
00:10:37,958 --> 00:10:39,041
the food waste,

611
00:10:39,833 --> 00:10:40,625
affecting primary

612
00:10:40,625 --> 00:10:41,166
productive,

613
00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:42,541
for example,

614
00:10:42,750 --> 00:10:43,416
carbon cycling

615
00:10:43,416 --> 00:10:45,375
and the dynamic

616
00:10:45,375 --> 00:10:45,958
of entire

617
00:10:45,958 --> 00:10:46,625
ecosystem.

618
00:10:47,416 --> 00:10:48,416
Because probably

619
00:10:48,416 --> 00:10:49,375
most of us,

620
00:10:49,375 --> 00:10:50,333
we have we have

621
00:10:50,333 --> 00:10:51,500
to say like we

622
00:10:51,500 --> 00:10:52,291
are warming the

623
00:10:52,291 --> 00:10:53,875
planet. But in

624
00:10:53,875 --> 00:10:54,750
reality, we are

625
00:10:54,750 --> 00:10:55,250
altering the

626
00:10:55,250 --> 00:10:55,583
operating

627
00:10:55,583 --> 00:10:57,333
condition of the

628
00:10:57,333 --> 00:10:58,500
very organism

629
00:10:58,500 --> 00:10:59,291
that made our

630
00:10:59,291 --> 00:11:00,166
system possible.

631
00:11:00,916 --> 00:11:01,250
And that

632
00:11:01,250 --> 00:11:01,666
should make

633
00:11:01,708 --> 00:11:04,291
us stop. But not

634
00:11:04,291 --> 00:11:06,125
of fear, but auto

635
00:11:06,125 --> 00:11:08,166
perpestive.

636
00:11:08,166 --> 00:11:09,291
Because when you

637
00:11:09,291 --> 00:11:11,000
tune out across

638
00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:12,500
billion

639
00:11:12,500 --> 00:11:13,541
of years of

640
00:11:13,541 --> 00:11:14,375
earth history,

641
00:11:15,041 --> 00:11:15,625
you release

642
00:11:15,625 --> 00:11:16,750
something very

643
00:11:16,750 --> 00:11:17,208
important.

644
00:11:17,500 --> 00:11:18,416
Because we are

645
00:11:18,416 --> 00:11:20,000
not outside of

646
00:11:20,000 --> 00:11:20,208
the

647
00:11:20,208 --> 00:11:22,416
system. We are

648
00:11:22,500 --> 00:11:23,250
modifying the

649
00:11:23,250 --> 00:11:24,000
same biological

650
00:11:24,000 --> 00:11:24,875
engine that

651
00:11:24,875 --> 00:11:27,791
sustain us. And

652
00:11:27,791 --> 00:11:29,041
one of the most

653
00:11:29,041 --> 00:11:29,416
interesting

654
00:11:29,416 --> 00:11:30,166
aspects of this

655
00:11:30,250 --> 00:11:31,791
issue isn't, I

656
00:11:31,791 --> 00:11:33,458
think that isn't

657
00:11:33,458 --> 00:11:34,958
biological. It's

658
00:11:34,958 --> 00:11:35,666
psychological.

659
00:11:36,958 --> 00:11:38,291
Because Andrew, our

660
00:11:38,291 --> 00:11:39,083
nervous system

661
00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:41,125
able to respond,

662
00:11:41,458 --> 00:11:42,625
immediate, you

663
00:11:42,625 --> 00:11:43,291
know, visible

664
00:11:43,291 --> 00:11:44,208
threat, a

665
00:11:44,208 --> 00:11:44,875
predator, for

666
00:11:44,875 --> 00:11:45,208
example,

667
00:11:45,208 --> 00:11:46,250
running through

668
00:11:46,250 --> 00:11:48,291
through us, fire,

669
00:11:48,958 --> 00:11:51,166
a sudden storm or

670
00:11:51,166 --> 00:11:52,000
stress response

671
00:11:52,000 --> 00:11:52,625
activate when

672
00:11:52,625 --> 00:11:53,166
something is

673
00:11:53,166 --> 00:11:54,500
fast, loud

674
00:11:54,500 --> 00:11:55,500
and deadly

675
00:11:55,708 --> 00:11:57,333
threatenings. But

676
00:11:57,333 --> 00:11:58,791
you know, you ask

677
00:11:58,791 --> 00:11:59,458
yourself, like

678
00:11:59,458 --> 00:12:00,250
gradual ocean

679
00:12:00,250 --> 00:12:00,708
warming,

680
00:12:01,583 --> 00:12:02,125
microscopy

681
00:12:02,125 --> 00:12:02,958
safe in

682
00:12:03,041 --> 00:12:03,958
phytoplactone

683
00:12:03,958 --> 00:12:04,500
productivity,

684
00:12:05,833 --> 00:12:06,541
training carbon

685
00:12:06,541 --> 00:12:07,458
chemistry happen

686
00:12:07,458 --> 00:12:09,666
over decades, or

687
00:12:09,666 --> 00:12:10,958
biology, I think

688
00:12:10,958 --> 00:12:11,375
that doesn't

689
00:12:11,375 --> 00:12:12,500
register those as

690
00:12:12,500 --> 00:12:13,125
something like

691
00:12:13,125 --> 00:12:14,083
urgent, you know,

692
00:12:14,333 --> 00:12:15,000
because they are

693
00:12:15,000 --> 00:12:16,166
too slow, like

694
00:12:16,166 --> 00:12:17,750
too astral, too

695
00:12:17,750 --> 00:12:18,208
invisible.

696
00:12:19,375 --> 00:12:20,083
And the most

697
00:12:20,083 --> 00:12:20,875
interesting thing

698
00:12:20,875 --> 00:12:21,833
is like we tend

699
00:12:21,833 --> 00:12:23,041
to protect what

700
00:12:23,041 --> 00:12:24,125
we see. But

701
00:12:24,125 --> 00:12:24,291
marine

702
00:12:24,291 --> 00:12:25,083
microorganism,

703
00:12:25,500 --> 00:12:25,750
you know,

704
00:12:26,125 --> 00:12:26,833
the real engine

705
00:12:26,833 --> 00:12:27,458
of the most

706
00:12:27,458 --> 00:12:28,208
failed regulation

707
00:12:28,208 --> 00:12:29,375
are invisible.

708
00:12:30,208 --> 00:12:31,250
And invisibility

709
00:12:31,250 --> 00:12:32,291
weakens emotional

710
00:12:32,333 --> 00:12:34,083
urgency. Because

711
00:12:34,083 --> 00:12:35,333
when I first

712
00:12:35,333 --> 00:12:36,125
understood that

713
00:12:36,125 --> 00:12:37,750
nearly half of

714
00:12:37,750 --> 00:12:39,083
the oxygen that

715
00:12:39,083 --> 00:12:39,708
we breathe

716
00:12:40,416 --> 00:12:41,083
comes from the

717
00:12:41,083 --> 00:12:41,916
organism most

718
00:12:41,916 --> 00:12:43,166
people never see,

719
00:12:43,833 --> 00:12:44,583
it generally

720
00:12:44,583 --> 00:12:46,000
change the way I

721
00:12:46,000 --> 00:12:46,416
thought about

722
00:12:46,416 --> 00:12:46,708
connection.

723
00:12:47,833 --> 00:12:48,750
It made me

724
00:12:48,750 --> 00:12:51,041
realize how much

725
00:12:51,041 --> 00:12:51,625
of survival

726
00:12:51,625 --> 00:12:52,375
depends on

727
00:12:52,375 --> 00:12:52,833
processes

728
00:12:52,833 --> 00:12:54,291
happening beyond

729
00:12:54,291 --> 00:12:55,291
our own

730
00:12:55,291 --> 00:12:56,000
perception.

731
00:12:56,916 --> 00:12:57,916
Because that idea

732
00:12:57,916 --> 00:13:00,750
stay with me.

733
00:13:01,291 --> 00:13:02,583
Because when you,

734
00:13:03,083 --> 00:13:04,000
you know, when

735
00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:04,958
once you are

736
00:13:05,666 --> 00:13:06,291
understanding

737
00:13:06,291 --> 00:13:06,958
that invisible

738
00:13:06,958 --> 00:13:08,291
system sustain

739
00:13:08,291 --> 00:13:10,916
visible life, you

740
00:13:10,916 --> 00:13:11,583
start asking

741
00:13:11,583 --> 00:13:12,166
different

742
00:13:12,166 --> 00:13:12,541
questions

743
00:13:13,583 --> 00:13:13,875
about

744
00:13:13,875 --> 00:13:14,791
responsibility,

745
00:13:15,625 --> 00:13:15,750
about

746
00:13:15,750 --> 00:13:16,625
interdependence,

747
00:13:17,125 --> 00:13:19,250
about what is

748
00:13:19,250 --> 00:13:20,416
what it means to

749
00:13:20,416 --> 00:13:21,041
live inside an

750
00:13:21,041 --> 00:13:21,625
assistant you

751
00:13:21,625 --> 00:13:22,541
barely notice.

752
00:13:24,333 --> 00:13:26,083
And Andrew, when

753
00:13:26,083 --> 00:13:27,666
you spend years,

754
00:13:28,416 --> 00:13:29,041
because has been

755
00:13:29,041 --> 00:13:29,666
more than 10

756
00:13:29,666 --> 00:13:30,333
years studied,

757
00:13:30,333 --> 00:13:30,750
you know, this

758
00:13:30,750 --> 00:13:32,041
microorganism,

759
00:13:32,625 --> 00:13:34,708
you begin to see

760
00:13:34,708 --> 00:13:36,916
patterns, because

761
00:13:36,916 --> 00:13:37,416
I'm going to tell

762
00:13:37,458 --> 00:13:37,875
you something

763
00:13:37,875 --> 00:13:38,416
very exciting.

764
00:13:38,458 --> 00:13:39,125
And most of the

765
00:13:39,125 --> 00:13:39,708
people probably

766
00:13:39,708 --> 00:13:41,041
won't know. In

767
00:13:41,041 --> 00:13:42,708
biology, we talk

768
00:13:42,708 --> 00:13:44,041
a lot about

769
00:13:44,708 --> 00:13:45,916
one word called

770
00:13:45,916 --> 00:13:48,041
omeostasis. You

771
00:13:48,041 --> 00:13:49,041
know, the ability

772
00:13:49,041 --> 00:13:50,000
of a system to

773
00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:51,000
regulate itself

774
00:13:51,000 --> 00:13:51,833
to

775
00:13:51,833 --> 00:13:52,875
maintain balance

776
00:13:52,875 --> 00:13:53,916
despite standard

777
00:13:53,916 --> 00:13:55,958
fluctuation. And

778
00:13:55,958 --> 00:13:56,541
you know, for

779
00:13:56,541 --> 00:13:57,333
example, the

780
00:13:57,333 --> 00:13:58,500
human body does

781
00:13:58,500 --> 00:13:59,416
this constantly,

782
00:13:59,458 --> 00:14:00,083
for example,

783
00:14:00,708 --> 00:14:01,000
temperature

784
00:14:01,000 --> 00:14:02,708
regulation, pH

785
00:14:02,708 --> 00:14:04,500
balance, oxygen

786
00:14:04,500 --> 00:14:07,333
level glucose

787
00:14:07,333 --> 00:14:08,250
concentration.

788
00:14:09,333 --> 00:14:09,750
It is like

789
00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:10,875
not one organ

790
00:14:10,875 --> 00:14:11,666
acting alone.

791
00:14:12,375 --> 00:14:13,708
It's a network,

792
00:14:13,708 --> 00:14:15,666
you know, as a

793
00:14:15,666 --> 00:14:16,750
society of cells,

794
00:14:17,166 --> 00:14:17,791
each cell

795
00:14:17,791 --> 00:14:19,458
operating with

796
00:14:19,458 --> 00:14:20,416
within limits,

797
00:14:20,875 --> 00:14:21,375
each cell

798
00:14:21,375 --> 00:14:22,333
contributing to

799
00:14:22,333 --> 00:14:24,208
equilibrium. For

800
00:14:24,208 --> 00:14:24,916
example, if one

801
00:14:24,916 --> 00:14:25,875
cell in another

802
00:14:25,875 --> 00:14:27,041
system and adds

803
00:14:27,041 --> 00:14:28,125
only for itself,

804
00:14:28,875 --> 00:14:30,291
we call with the

805
00:14:30,291 --> 00:14:31,500
thing like we we

806
00:14:31,500 --> 00:14:32,750
call the cancer,

807
00:14:33,125 --> 00:14:33,625
because the

808
00:14:33,625 --> 00:14:34,416
planet got in a

809
00:14:34,416 --> 00:14:34,625
similar

810
00:14:34,625 --> 00:14:35,916
way. The ocean

811
00:14:36,791 --> 00:14:37,458
regulate the

812
00:14:37,458 --> 00:14:38,750
temperature is

813
00:14:38,750 --> 00:14:39,458
absorbing the

814
00:14:39,458 --> 00:14:41,375
carbon dioxide is

815
00:14:41,375 --> 00:14:42,000
distributing

816
00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:42,666
nutrient

817
00:14:42,666 --> 00:14:44,083
energy is

818
00:14:44,083 --> 00:14:45,625
established the

819
00:14:45,625 --> 00:14:46,666
atmospheric

820
00:14:46,666 --> 00:14:48,500
chemistry. And it

821
00:14:48,500 --> 00:14:49,583
is not just

822
00:14:49,583 --> 00:14:50,541
water, it's a

823
00:14:50,541 --> 00:14:51,541
regulatory

824
00:14:51,541 --> 00:14:52,041
system.

825
00:14:52,875 --> 00:14:53,875
And understanding

826
00:14:53,875 --> 00:14:59,000
that sieve is

827
00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:00,000
produce something

828
00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:00,833
very deep in me,

829
00:15:01,375 --> 00:15:02,541
because when I

830
00:15:02,541 --> 00:15:04,000
was younger, I

831
00:15:04,000 --> 00:15:05,208
had a very simple

832
00:15:05,208 --> 00:15:07,000
image of how

833
00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:08,000
life works.

834
00:15:08,791 --> 00:15:09,583
I thought, you

835
00:15:09,583 --> 00:15:10,208
know, like most

836
00:15:10,208 --> 00:15:10,958
of the people of

837
00:15:10,958 --> 00:15:12,166
trees as the

838
00:15:12,166 --> 00:15:13,041
lungs of the

839
00:15:13,041 --> 00:15:14,000
planet. And in

840
00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:15,291
fact, when I was

841
00:15:15,291 --> 00:15:16,000
a kid, once I

842
00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:17,125
got a test, say

843
00:15:17,125 --> 00:15:18,958
photosynthesis in

844
00:15:18,958 --> 00:15:20,375
a big way with a

845
00:15:20,375 --> 00:15:21,416
big sun and green

846
00:15:21,416 --> 00:15:23,041
leaves on it. And

847
00:15:23,041 --> 00:15:23,500
that was my

848
00:15:23,500 --> 00:15:24,750
mental model. And

849
00:15:24,750 --> 00:15:25,541
then with the

850
00:15:25,541 --> 00:15:25,958
passage of the

851
00:15:25,958 --> 00:15:27,000
year, I

852
00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:27,708
discovered that

853
00:15:27,708 --> 00:15:28,500
nearly half of

854
00:15:28,500 --> 00:15:29,250
the oxygen we

855
00:15:29,250 --> 00:15:29,833
breathe comes

856
00:15:29,833 --> 00:15:30,583
from the ocean,

857
00:15:30,875 --> 00:15:31,125
you know,

858
00:15:31,125 --> 00:15:32,041
from this

859
00:15:32,041 --> 00:15:32,416
microscopic

860
00:15:32,416 --> 00:15:34,250
marine life. So

861
00:15:34,250 --> 00:15:34,875
that moment

862
00:15:34,875 --> 00:15:35,666
forced me to

863
00:15:35,666 --> 00:15:36,083
expand my

864
00:15:36,083 --> 00:15:37,416
understanding of

865
00:15:37,416 --> 00:15:38,208
interdependence.

866
00:15:38,583 --> 00:15:39,708
It was no longer

867
00:15:39,708 --> 00:15:41,208
just trees. It

868
00:15:41,208 --> 00:15:41,833
was the invisible

869
00:15:41,833 --> 00:15:42,750
microorganism

870
00:15:43,583 --> 00:15:44,083
that sustained

871
00:15:44,083 --> 00:15:45,625
the visible life,

872
00:15:45,625 --> 00:15:45,958
you know, that

873
00:15:45,958 --> 00:15:46,958
reflection that

874
00:15:46,958 --> 00:15:48,875
eventually became

875
00:15:48,875 --> 00:15:49,583
one of the

876
00:15:49,583 --> 00:15:51,000
foundations of

877
00:15:51,583 --> 00:15:52,541
my book that I

878
00:15:52,541 --> 00:15:53,958
wrote, I call

879
00:15:53,958 --> 00:15:55,791
"Herbit of

880
00:15:55,791 --> 00:15:56,625
Consciousness".

881
00:15:56,625 --> 00:15:57,666
And in that book,

882
00:15:57,666 --> 00:15:58,291
Andriou, I

883
00:15:58,291 --> 00:15:58,750
explore

884
00:15:58,750 --> 00:15:59,625
the bridge

885
00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:01,000
between what

886
00:16:01,000 --> 00:16:01,875
science explains,

887
00:16:02,041 --> 00:16:02,333
you know, for

888
00:16:02,333 --> 00:16:03,541
example, neurons,

889
00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:05,083
cell metabolism,

890
00:16:05,583 --> 00:16:06,000
regulatory

891
00:16:06,000 --> 00:16:07,291
system, and what

892
00:16:07,291 --> 00:16:07,750
the conscience

893
00:16:08,125 --> 00:16:09,500
asks of us as

894
00:16:09,500 --> 00:16:10,458
human beings.

895
00:16:11,375 --> 00:16:12,125
Because once that

896
00:16:12,125 --> 00:16:12,583
you understand

897
00:16:12,583 --> 00:16:13,208
that you are

898
00:16:13,208 --> 00:16:13,916
literally

899
00:16:13,916 --> 00:16:14,416
breathing

900
00:16:14,416 --> 00:16:15,041
molecules

901
00:16:15,041 --> 00:16:17,291
processed by

902
00:16:17,291 --> 00:16:17,708
marrying

903
00:16:17,708 --> 00:16:18,958
microorganisms,

904
00:16:19,791 --> 00:16:21,791
the ocean stopped

905
00:16:21,791 --> 00:16:23,166
being an

906
00:16:23,208 --> 00:16:24,500
inventory, you

907
00:16:24,500 --> 00:16:25,166
know, an

908
00:16:25,166 --> 00:16:26,166
environmental

909
00:16:26,166 --> 00:16:27,750
issue, is because

910
00:16:27,750 --> 00:16:28,708
it's become like

911
00:16:28,708 --> 00:16:30,583
a personal one. And that

912
00:16:30,583 --> 00:16:31,000
connection

913
00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:31,916
between science

914
00:16:31,916 --> 00:16:33,041
and awareness,

915
00:16:33,958 --> 00:16:35,083
for me started in

916
00:16:35,083 --> 00:16:35,625
the laboratory,

917
00:16:36,208 --> 00:16:36,708
we say no

918
00:16:36,708 --> 00:16:38,333
bacteria. And now

919
00:16:38,333 --> 00:16:40,625
all of these may

920
00:16:40,625 --> 00:16:41,666
sound a bit

921
00:16:41,666 --> 00:16:42,750
heavy. But here

922
00:16:42,750 --> 00:16:43,458
is the part that

923
00:16:43,458 --> 00:16:44,166
gives me hope.

924
00:16:44,166 --> 00:16:45,458
Because the ocean

925
00:16:45,458 --> 00:16:47,250
is not delicate.

926
00:16:47,250 --> 00:16:48,000
It's like a

927
00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:49,208
dynamic entity,

928
00:16:49,750 --> 00:16:50,125
you know,

929
00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:51,750
microbiology,

930
00:16:52,708 --> 00:16:53,250
community,

931
00:16:54,083 --> 00:16:54,875
Canada, you know,

932
00:16:54,875 --> 00:16:55,333
like ecosystem

933
00:16:55,333 --> 00:16:57,000
can reorganize,

934
00:16:57,500 --> 00:16:58,125
life has been

935
00:16:58,125 --> 00:16:58,708
responded to

936
00:16:58,708 --> 00:16:59,500
change for

937
00:16:59,500 --> 00:16:59,916
billions

938
00:16:59,916 --> 00:17:00,583
of years.

939
00:17:01,291 --> 00:17:01,708
So you know,

940
00:17:01,708 --> 00:17:02,333
bacteria survive

941
00:17:02,333 --> 00:17:02,833
for mass

942
00:17:02,833 --> 00:17:04,291
extinction, they

943
00:17:04,291 --> 00:17:05,000
survive for

944
00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:05,541
atmospheric

945
00:17:05,541 --> 00:17:06,958
collapse, they

946
00:17:06,958 --> 00:17:07,500
survive the

947
00:17:07,500 --> 00:17:07,833
condition

948
00:17:07,833 --> 00:17:08,333
radically

949
00:17:08,333 --> 00:17:09,625
different from

950
00:17:09,625 --> 00:17:10,833
today. And the

951
00:17:10,833 --> 00:17:12,375
question is

952
00:17:12,375 --> 00:17:12,875
not whether

953
00:17:13,041 --> 00:17:17,416
we allow the

954
00:17:17,416 --> 00:17:18,041
system enough

955
00:17:18,041 --> 00:17:18,791
stability to

956
00:17:18,791 --> 00:17:20,250
adapt. And in the

957
00:17:20,250 --> 00:17:20,875
laboratory and

958
00:17:20,875 --> 00:17:24,708
the we, when we

959
00:17:24,708 --> 00:17:25,625
study cell

960
00:17:25,625 --> 00:17:27,500
bacteria, we look

961
00:17:27,500 --> 00:17:28,375
to different

962
00:17:28,375 --> 00:17:29,166
parameters, for

963
00:17:29,166 --> 00:17:30,458
example, how like

964
00:17:30,458 --> 00:17:32,083
intensity, you

965
00:17:32,083 --> 00:17:32,458
know, carbon

966
00:17:33,041 --> 00:17:33,875
electricity, and

967
00:17:33,875 --> 00:17:34,458
environmental

968
00:17:34,458 --> 00:17:36,500
stress, affect,

969
00:17:36,500 --> 00:17:37,125
grow and

970
00:17:37,125 --> 00:17:39,291
metabolism. And

971
00:17:39,291 --> 00:17:40,708
we don't do this

972
00:17:40,708 --> 00:17:41,708
just out of

973
00:17:41,708 --> 00:17:42,958
curiosity, we do

974
00:17:42,958 --> 00:17:43,541
this to

975
00:17:43,541 --> 00:17:44,375
understanding the

976
00:17:44,375 --> 00:17:45,000
resilience,

977
00:17:45,500 --> 00:17:46,375
because solution

978
00:17:46,375 --> 00:17:48,416
to climate change

979
00:17:48,416 --> 00:17:49,833
will not come

980
00:17:49,833 --> 00:17:51,541
from panic. They

981
00:17:51,541 --> 00:17:52,166
will come from

982
00:17:52,166 --> 00:17:53,958
understanding how

983
00:17:53,958 --> 00:17:54,500
biological

984
00:17:54,500 --> 00:17:55,458
systems regulate

985
00:17:57,041 --> 00:17:58,916
and aligning all

986
00:17:58,916 --> 00:17:59,166
technologies and

987
00:17:59,166 --> 00:18:00,291
policy with those

988
00:18:00,291 --> 00:18:01,250
principles.

989
00:18:02,666 --> 00:18:03,291
Because ocean

990
00:18:03,291 --> 00:18:04,250
protection is not

991
00:18:04,250 --> 00:18:04,791
only

992
00:18:04,791 --> 00:18:05,458
technological,

993
00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:06,791
it's perceptual.

994
00:18:07,375 --> 00:18:07,833
It's beginning

995
00:18:07,833 --> 00:18:09,291
when we see from

996
00:18:09,291 --> 00:18:10,208
seeing the ocean

997
00:18:10,208 --> 00:18:13,041
as a backdrop to

998
00:18:13,041 --> 00:18:14,000
seeing it as an

999
00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:14,500
infrastructure,

1000
00:18:15,666 --> 00:18:16,583
like a living

1001
00:18:16,583 --> 00:18:17,125
infrastructure

1002
00:18:17,125 --> 00:18:18,541
that regulate the

1003
00:18:18,541 --> 00:18:20,208
air, the climate

1004
00:18:20,208 --> 00:18:21,208
and the condition

1005
00:18:21,208 --> 00:18:22,291
that make us

1006
00:18:22,291 --> 00:18:23,791
complete life

1007
00:18:23,791 --> 00:18:24,000
possible.

1008
00:18:24,041 --> 00:18:25,750
And that's if in

1009
00:18:25,750 --> 00:18:26,291
precision is

1010
00:18:26,291 --> 00:18:27,875
powerful, because

1011
00:18:27,875 --> 00:18:28,916
once you

1012
00:18:28,916 --> 00:18:30,375
understand that

1013
00:18:30,375 --> 00:18:31,291
your next breath

1014
00:18:31,291 --> 00:18:33,250
depends on marine

1015
00:18:33,250 --> 00:18:34,375
microorganism,

1016
00:18:35,583 --> 00:18:36,208
the conversation

1017
00:18:36,208 --> 00:18:36,666
completely

1018
00:18:36,666 --> 00:18:38,083
changed. It

1019
00:18:38,083 --> 00:18:38,791
because less

1020
00:18:38,791 --> 00:18:39,583
about ideology

1021
00:18:39,583 --> 00:18:41,250
and more about

1022
00:18:41,250 --> 00:18:42,000
biology.

1023
00:18:43,041 --> 00:18:44,541
And, Andrew,

1024
00:18:46,791 --> 00:18:47,208
let's return to

1025
00:18:47,208 --> 00:18:48,000
something simple,

1026
00:18:48,750 --> 00:18:49,166
your breath.

1027
00:18:50,041 --> 00:18:50,916
Right now, as you

1028
00:18:50,916 --> 00:18:52,041
listen to this,

1029
00:18:52,041 --> 00:18:52,958
oxygen is the

1030
00:18:52,958 --> 00:18:54,208
first into your

1031
00:18:54,208 --> 00:18:56,000
bloodstream, is

1032
00:18:56,000 --> 00:18:56,958
traveling through

1033
00:18:56,958 --> 00:18:57,625
your circulatory

1034
00:18:57,625 --> 00:18:58,625
system, is

1035
00:18:58,625 --> 00:18:59,958
entering billions

1036
00:18:59,958 --> 00:19:01,333
of cells, is

1037
00:19:01,333 --> 00:19:01,916
powering the

1038
00:19:01,916 --> 00:19:02,875
neurons that

1039
00:19:02,875 --> 00:19:04,500
allow to think,

1040
00:19:04,750 --> 00:19:05,500
to reflect, to

1041
00:19:05,500 --> 00:19:06,333
even question

1042
00:19:06,333 --> 00:19:07,625
what I'm saying.

1043
00:19:08,666 --> 00:19:09,083
And a wrong

1044
00:19:09,083 --> 00:19:09,500
hallow that

1045
00:19:09,500 --> 00:19:10,791
oxygen trace back

1046
00:19:10,791 --> 00:19:11,291
to marine

1047
00:19:11,291 --> 00:19:12,750
microorganism, no

1048
00:19:12,750 --> 00:19:13,541
metaphorically,

1049
00:19:13,791 --> 00:19:15,541
literally. So the

1050
00:19:15,541 --> 00:19:16,416
ocean is not out

1051
00:19:16,416 --> 00:19:17,083
there circulating

1052
00:19:17,083 --> 00:19:18,458
through you. When

1053
00:19:18,458 --> 00:19:19,291
I grow a

1054
00:19:19,291 --> 00:19:19,875
heartbeat of

1055
00:19:19,875 --> 00:19:20,333
consciousness,

1056
00:19:20,958 --> 00:19:21,375
one of the

1057
00:19:21,375 --> 00:19:22,333
central ideas I

1058
00:19:22,333 --> 00:19:26,083
explore was that

1059
00:19:26,083 --> 00:19:26,750
sign and the

1060
00:19:26,750 --> 00:19:27,375
constant are not

1061
00:19:27,375 --> 00:19:28,125
like a separate

1062
00:19:28,125 --> 00:19:28,541
path.

1063
00:19:29,083 --> 00:19:29,833
Understanding how

1064
00:19:29,833 --> 00:19:31,083
life works, so

1065
00:19:31,083 --> 00:19:32,000
change how we live within it.

1066
00:19:32,041 --> 00:19:33,875
And for me,

1067
00:19:34,291 --> 00:19:35,833
studying, you

1068
00:19:35,833 --> 00:19:36,375
know, what area

1069
00:19:36,375 --> 00:19:37,833
was not just

1070
00:19:37,833 --> 00:19:39,500
research. It was

1071
00:19:39,500 --> 00:19:40,708
like perp-stiff.

1072
00:19:41,208 --> 00:19:42,416
It revealed that

1073
00:19:42,416 --> 00:19:43,250
we are not a

1074
00:19:43,250 --> 00:19:44,250
server of the

1075
00:19:44,250 --> 00:19:45,416
planet. We are a

1076
00:19:45,416 --> 00:19:46,333
participant in

1077
00:19:46,333 --> 00:19:46,875
its regulatory

1078
00:19:46,875 --> 00:19:48,250
system, because

1079
00:19:48,250 --> 00:19:48,958
protecting the

1080
00:19:48,958 --> 00:19:49,708
ocean is not

1081
00:19:49,708 --> 00:19:51,250
environmental

1082
00:19:51,250 --> 00:19:52,833
activity. It's

1083
00:19:52,833 --> 00:19:53,375
biological

1084
00:19:53,375 --> 00:19:54,000
realism.

1085
00:19:54,041 --> 00:19:55,791
It is the

1086
00:19:55,791 --> 00:19:56,625
recognition that

1087
00:19:56,625 --> 00:19:57,291
we are integrated

1088
00:19:57,291 --> 00:20:00,750
into the very

1089
00:20:00,750 --> 00:20:01,375
system that we

1090
00:20:01,375 --> 00:20:01,833
are modifying.

1091
00:20:02,291 --> 00:20:03,791
And perhaps when

1092
00:20:03,791 --> 00:20:04,916
we feel that not

1093
00:20:04,916 --> 00:20:05,125
just

1094
00:20:05,125 --> 00:20:05,583
intellectually,

1095
00:20:06,291 --> 00:20:07,958
but deeply, it's

1096
00:20:07,958 --> 00:20:08,666
something as

1097
00:20:08,666 --> 00:20:09,333
simple as

1098
00:20:09,333 --> 00:20:09,791
a breath.

1099
00:20:11,375 --> 00:20:12,250
The way we relate

1100
00:20:12,250 --> 00:20:13,666
the ocean will

1101
00:20:13,666 --> 00:20:14,458
begin to change,

1102
00:20:14,958 --> 00:20:16,041
because in the

1103
00:20:16,041 --> 00:20:17,333
end, it is not

1104
00:20:17,333 --> 00:20:18,083
just about saving

1105
00:20:18,083 --> 00:20:19,333
the water. I

1106
00:20:19,333 --> 00:20:21,458
think it is about

1107
00:20:21,458 --> 00:20:22,583
understanding

1108
00:20:22,583 --> 00:20:23,375
the life.

1109
00:20:25,416 --> 00:20:25,791
Yeah, it's such

1110
00:20:25,791 --> 00:20:26,291
an important

1111
00:20:26,291 --> 00:20:29,166
aspect that we

1112
00:20:29,166 --> 00:20:29,666
don't think

1113
00:20:29,666 --> 00:20:30,958
about. As you

1114
00:20:30,958 --> 00:20:32,208
eloquently

1115
00:20:32,208 --> 00:20:34,375
explain to us, in

1116
00:20:34,375 --> 00:20:37,458
terms of this

1117
00:20:37,458 --> 00:20:40,791
process that

1118
00:20:40,791 --> 00:20:41,875
plays such a big

1119
00:20:41,875 --> 00:20:43,875
role in our

1120
00:20:43,875 --> 00:20:44,916
lives, that we

1121
00:20:44,916 --> 00:20:45,250
don't even

1122
00:20:45,250 --> 00:20:46,000
realize because

1123
00:20:46,000 --> 00:20:47,041
we don't see this

1124
00:20:47,041 --> 00:20:47,500
happening.

1125
00:20:48,041 --> 00:20:49,166
You know, we look

1126
00:20:49,166 --> 00:20:50,375
at roles of how

1127
00:20:50,375 --> 00:20:51,750
oxygen is

1128
00:20:51,750 --> 00:20:53,000
produced. We look

1129
00:20:53,000 --> 00:20:54,208
at role of how

1130
00:20:54,208 --> 00:20:55,750
carbon is

1131
00:20:55,750 --> 00:20:57,000
sequestered in

1132
00:20:57,000 --> 00:20:58,000
the ocean deep

1133
00:20:58,000 --> 00:20:58,791
through the

1134
00:20:58,791 --> 00:21:00,125
biological carbon

1135
00:21:00,125 --> 00:21:02,750
pump. And it's

1136
00:21:02,750 --> 00:21:03,541
such an important

1137
00:21:03,541 --> 00:21:04,458
aspect. And we've

1138
00:21:04,458 --> 00:21:05,000
talked about it

1139
00:21:05,000 --> 00:21:06,333
this week with

1140
00:21:06,333 --> 00:21:08,541
each and every

1141
00:21:08,541 --> 00:21:08,791
episode.

1142
00:21:09,041 --> 00:21:10,583
Take me through,

1143
00:21:10,833 --> 00:21:11,583
Jose, your

1144
00:21:11,583 --> 00:21:12,833
research in

1145
00:21:12,833 --> 00:21:13,291
synthetic

1146
00:21:13,291 --> 00:21:14,291
biology. First,

1147
00:21:14,458 --> 00:21:14,875
just kind of

1148
00:21:14,875 --> 00:21:15,791
explain what

1149
00:21:15,791 --> 00:21:16,541
synthetic biology

1150
00:21:16,541 --> 00:21:17,666
is to the

1151
00:21:17,666 --> 00:21:18,458
audience and how

1152
00:21:18,458 --> 00:21:19,208
you're working

1153
00:21:19,208 --> 00:21:20,000
with

1154
00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:20,958
cyanobacteria,

1155
00:21:22,416 --> 00:21:23,791
just in general

1156
00:21:23,791 --> 00:21:24,000
in your research.

1157
00:21:24,041 --> 00:21:26,125
So I am going to

1158
00:21:26,125 --> 00:21:27,208
explain this in a

1159
00:21:27,208 --> 00:21:28,500
way that most of

1160
00:21:28,500 --> 00:21:29,000
the people can

1161
00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:29,875
understand. So

1162
00:21:29,875 --> 00:21:30,291
synthetic

1163
00:21:30,291 --> 00:21:31,458
biology, so my

1164
00:21:31,458 --> 00:21:31,875
work, for

1165
00:21:31,875 --> 00:21:33,000
example, so

1166
00:21:33,000 --> 00:21:34,000
imagine life, for

1167
00:21:34,000 --> 00:21:34,708
example, we have

1168
00:21:34,708 --> 00:21:36,500
a car and we want

1169
00:21:36,500 --> 00:21:37,333
to modify this

1170
00:21:37,333 --> 00:21:38,375
car to do this

1171
00:21:38,375 --> 00:21:39,791
faster, you know,

1172
00:21:39,791 --> 00:21:40,583
like to do

1173
00:21:40,583 --> 00:21:41,000
it better.

1174
00:21:41,041 --> 00:21:42,583
So basically, the

1175
00:21:42,583 --> 00:21:43,083
thing that I do

1176
00:21:43,083 --> 00:21:44,375
in the lab is

1177
00:21:44,375 --> 00:21:44,958
like, for

1178
00:21:44,958 --> 00:21:45,833
example, I am not

1179
00:21:45,833 --> 00:21:46,583
like a kind of

1180
00:21:46,583 --> 00:21:48,708
mechanic. So I

1181
00:21:48,708 --> 00:21:49,875
had this, for

1182
00:21:49,875 --> 00:21:50,791
example, I

1183
00:21:50,791 --> 00:21:51,458
remember that I

1184
00:21:51,458 --> 00:21:52,125
saw this

1185
00:21:52,125 --> 00:21:54,541
cyanobacteria. I

1186
00:21:54,541 --> 00:21:54,916
take this

1187
00:21:54,916 --> 00:21:55,708
organism and I

1188
00:21:55,708 --> 00:21:57,166
say, okay, I am

1189
00:21:57,166 --> 00:21:57,833
going to find a

1190
00:21:57,833 --> 00:21:59,083
way to integrate

1191
00:21:59,083 --> 00:22:01,208
a protein and I'm

1192
00:22:01,208 --> 00:22:03,250
going to start in

1193
00:22:03,250 --> 00:22:04,500
a way that I can,

1194
00:22:04,500 --> 00:22:05,958
for example, to

1195
00:22:05,958 --> 00:22:06,583
put something

1196
00:22:06,583 --> 00:22:07,333
inside of the

1197
00:22:07,333 --> 00:22:08,583
cell that allow

1198
00:22:08,583 --> 00:22:10,458
like this, this

1199
00:22:10,458 --> 00:22:10,750
product

1200
00:22:10,750 --> 00:22:11,000
that I have.

1201
00:22:11,041 --> 00:22:11,958
I want to

1202
00:22:11,958 --> 00:22:13,666
express, starting

1203
00:22:13,666 --> 00:22:14,750
to produce in the

1204
00:22:14,750 --> 00:22:15,791
cell in a way

1205
00:22:15,791 --> 00:22:20,500
that just in a we

1206
00:22:20,500 --> 00:22:24,666
see a two and in

1207
00:22:24,666 --> 00:22:25,250
a media, you

1208
00:22:25,250 --> 00:22:25,791
know, neutering

1209
00:22:25,791 --> 00:22:27,250
with carbon and

1210
00:22:27,250 --> 00:22:28,791
sunlight, we will

1211
00:22:28,791 --> 00:22:30,250
be able like in

1212
00:22:30,250 --> 00:22:31,041
the meantime that

1213
00:22:31,041 --> 00:22:31,916
the cell are

1214
00:22:31,916 --> 00:22:33,000
growing, we are

1215
00:22:33,000 --> 00:22:33,708
producing this

1216
00:22:33,708 --> 00:22:34,791
compound and we

1217
00:22:34,791 --> 00:22:35,500
can take this

1218
00:22:35,500 --> 00:22:36,583
compound and we

1219
00:22:36,583 --> 00:22:36,958
can take

1220
00:22:36,958 --> 00:22:37,333
advantage

1221
00:22:37,333 --> 00:22:38,000
about that.

1222
00:22:38,250 --> 00:22:39,333
So basically, my

1223
00:22:39,333 --> 00:22:40,125
word is this. And

1224
00:22:40,125 --> 00:22:40,666
for example,

1225
00:22:40,666 --> 00:22:41,500
imagine that

1226
00:22:41,500 --> 00:22:42,916
there is in this

1227
00:22:42,916 --> 00:22:43,375
cyanobacteria,

1228
00:22:43,375 --> 00:22:44,000
there are some

1229
00:22:44,000 --> 00:22:45,125
toxin and we want

1230
00:22:45,125 --> 00:22:45,500
to produce

1231
00:22:45,500 --> 00:22:46,166
something like

1232
00:22:46,166 --> 00:22:47,333
food grade or

1233
00:22:47,333 --> 00:22:48,458
something. So I

1234
00:22:48,458 --> 00:22:49,500
can take this

1235
00:22:49,500 --> 00:22:50,166
thing and I say,

1236
00:22:50,166 --> 00:22:51,125
okay, I need to

1237
00:22:51,125 --> 00:22:52,000
remove this and I

1238
00:22:52,000 --> 00:22:53,416
can do some

1239
00:22:53,416 --> 00:22:54,083
process in the

1240
00:22:54,083 --> 00:22:54,750
cell that I can

1241
00:22:54,750 --> 00:22:55,500
interrupt this

1242
00:22:55,500 --> 00:22:57,000
gene in order to

1243
00:22:57,000 --> 00:22:58,250
create, you know,

1244
00:22:58,500 --> 00:22:59,041
like all the

1245
00:22:59,041 --> 00:22:59,875
modification that

1246
00:22:59,875 --> 00:23:00,458
we can think

1247
00:23:00,458 --> 00:23:01,791
about, like, for

1248
00:23:01,791 --> 00:23:02,458
example, imagine

1249
00:23:02,458 --> 00:23:04,125
that we can we

1250
00:23:04,125 --> 00:23:05,625
want to do a

1251
00:23:05,625 --> 00:23:06,000
faster, a strange way.

1252
00:23:06,041 --> 00:23:07,291
I can have a lot

1253
00:23:07,291 --> 00:23:08,125
to the genes that

1254
00:23:08,125 --> 00:23:09,000
are more relating

1255
00:23:09,000 --> 00:23:10,750
to producing like

1256
00:23:10,750 --> 00:23:11,875
some compound

1257
00:23:11,875 --> 00:23:13,000
that can make the

1258
00:23:13,000 --> 00:23:13,666
cell grow faster

1259
00:23:13,666 --> 00:23:14,666
and over express

1260
00:23:14,666 --> 00:23:15,458
this to produce

1261
00:23:15,458 --> 00:23:16,166
more copies.

1262
00:23:18,291 --> 00:23:18,625
It's really

1263
00:23:18,625 --> 00:23:19,250
exciting because

1264
00:23:19,250 --> 00:23:19,875
it's something

1265
00:23:19,875 --> 00:23:20,583
that changed the

1266
00:23:20,583 --> 00:23:22,166
world because we

1267
00:23:22,166 --> 00:23:22,708
are literally

1268
00:23:22,708 --> 00:23:24,041
using a compound

1269
00:23:24,041 --> 00:23:25,333
that it is CO2

1270
00:23:25,333 --> 00:23:26,208
that the planet

1271
00:23:26,208 --> 00:23:27,000
is like, you

1272
00:23:27,000 --> 00:23:27,666
know, we know the

1273
00:23:27,666 --> 00:23:28,375
situation in the

1274
00:23:28,375 --> 00:23:28,833
planet with the

1275
00:23:28,833 --> 00:23:30,416
CO2 and

1276
00:23:30,416 --> 00:23:31,083
transforming this

1277
00:23:31,083 --> 00:23:31,791
CO2 in something

1278
00:23:31,791 --> 00:23:33,000
by by valuable

1279
00:23:33,000 --> 00:23:33,541
life, for

1280
00:23:33,541 --> 00:23:34,208
example, like

1281
00:23:34,208 --> 00:23:35,583
biofuel, for

1282
00:23:35,583 --> 00:23:36,000
example, another thing that we can do is to make it more effective.

1283
00:23:36,041 --> 00:23:36,958
So the one

1284
00:23:36,958 --> 00:23:38,541
compound we are,

1285
00:23:39,125 --> 00:23:39,541
for example,

1286
00:23:40,041 --> 00:23:40,958
under most the

1287
00:23:40,958 --> 00:23:41,500
most interesting

1288
00:23:41,500 --> 00:23:42,583
thing for the

1289
00:23:42,583 --> 00:23:45,416
first time, we

1290
00:23:45,416 --> 00:23:46,250
are starting to

1291
00:23:46,250 --> 00:23:47,208
produce insulin

1292
00:23:47,208 --> 00:23:47,958
in cyanobacteria

1293
00:23:47,958 --> 00:23:49,375
that we just to

1294
00:23:49,375 --> 00:23:50,041
release that. So

1295
00:23:50,041 --> 00:23:51,000
thinking about

1296
00:23:51,000 --> 00:23:51,708
the impact of

1297
00:23:51,708 --> 00:23:52,000
about this.

1298
00:23:52,041 --> 00:23:53,291
So so many people

1299
00:23:53,291 --> 00:23:54,500
having diabetes

1300
00:23:54,500 --> 00:23:56,208
and now the

1301
00:23:56,208 --> 00:23:56,750
platform to

1302
00:23:56,750 --> 00:23:57,500
produce this is

1303
00:23:57,500 --> 00:23:58,250
in equalize. So

1304
00:23:58,250 --> 00:23:59,333
imagine that now

1305
00:23:59,333 --> 00:24:00,000
you can produce

1306
00:24:00,000 --> 00:24:00,875
exactly the same

1307
00:24:00,875 --> 00:24:02,500
with an organism

1308
00:24:02,500 --> 00:24:04,000
that in a green

1309
00:24:04,000 --> 00:24:06,250
way that you see

1310
00:24:06,250 --> 00:24:06,791
you choose

1311
00:24:06,791 --> 00:24:07,833
sunlight, you

1312
00:24:07,833 --> 00:24:08,333
produce something

1313
00:24:08,333 --> 00:24:09,208
like a bio, a

1314
00:24:09,208 --> 00:24:09,958
biomedical

1315
00:24:09,958 --> 00:24:10,875
compound that is

1316
00:24:10,875 --> 00:24:11,666
helping the life

1317
00:24:11,666 --> 00:24:12,791
of so

1318
00:24:12,791 --> 00:24:13,000
many people.

1319
00:24:13,041 --> 00:24:13,833
And also at the

1320
00:24:13,833 --> 00:24:15,041
same time, you

1321
00:24:15,041 --> 00:24:15,500
are helping the

1322
00:24:15,500 --> 00:24:16,416
planet. So that's

1323
00:24:16,416 --> 00:24:17,541
to me like that.

1324
00:24:17,541 --> 00:24:17,958
I think when I

1325
00:24:17,958 --> 00:24:18,708
start to say I

1326
00:24:18,708 --> 00:24:19,500
start maybe the

1327
00:24:19,500 --> 00:24:20,500
interview in

1328
00:24:20,500 --> 00:24:22,291
2016. And when I

1329
00:24:22,291 --> 00:24:23,000
see this, like

1330
00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:23,750
this organism

1331
00:24:23,750 --> 00:24:25,208
could change the

1332
00:24:25,208 --> 00:24:25,791
world is like

1333
00:24:25,791 --> 00:24:28,208
something that is

1334
00:24:28,208 --> 00:24:30,916
something like it

1335
00:24:30,916 --> 00:24:31,750
just resonate

1336
00:24:31,750 --> 00:24:33,375
with me and has

1337
00:24:33,375 --> 00:24:33,708
been more

1338
00:24:33,708 --> 00:24:34,000
than 10 years.

1339
00:24:34,041 --> 00:24:35,208
And here I am

1340
00:24:35,208 --> 00:24:36,500
because I always

1341
00:24:36,500 --> 00:24:37,000
have been, you

1342
00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:37,333
know, like

1343
00:24:37,333 --> 00:24:38,083
helping the

1344
00:24:38,083 --> 00:24:39,375
planet and it's

1345
00:24:39,375 --> 00:24:39,666
something

1346
00:24:39,666 --> 00:24:40,916
fascinating. The

1347
00:24:40,916 --> 00:24:41,458
thing that we can

1348
00:24:41,458 --> 00:24:42,000
do with this

1349
00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:42,875
organizing and

1350
00:24:42,875 --> 00:24:43,208
also the

1351
00:24:43,208 --> 00:24:43,791
importance of

1352
00:24:43,791 --> 00:24:44,708
understanding how

1353
00:24:44,708 --> 00:24:45,458
you go and the

1354
00:24:45,458 --> 00:24:46,333
impact in the in

1355
00:24:46,333 --> 00:24:47,041
the real world.

1356
00:24:47,416 --> 00:24:48,333
That's amazing. I

1357
00:24:48,333 --> 00:24:50,333
love it. Take me

1358
00:24:50,333 --> 00:24:51,750
back to your PhD.

1359
00:24:52,500 --> 00:24:53,500
You know, how did

1360
00:24:53,500 --> 00:24:56,416
you discover, you

1361
00:24:56,416 --> 00:24:58,000
know, in terms of

1362
00:24:58,000 --> 00:24:59,291
working with with

1363
00:24:59,291 --> 00:24:59,916
cyanobacteria?

1364
00:25:00,208 --> 00:25:00,458
Why

1365
00:25:00,458 --> 00:25:01,458
cyanobacteria?

1366
00:25:01,458 --> 00:25:01,875
Like, obviously,

1367
00:25:01,875 --> 00:25:02,500
you said that it

1368
00:25:02,500 --> 00:25:03,000
makes such a difference.

1369
00:25:03,041 --> 00:25:04,625
But how did you

1370
00:25:04,625 --> 00:25:05,750
come up with that

1371
00:25:05,750 --> 00:25:07,375
thesis of working

1372
00:25:07,375 --> 00:25:07,583
with

1373
00:25:07,583 --> 00:25:09,250
cyanobacteria in

1374
00:25:09,250 --> 00:25:09,625
synthetic

1375
00:25:09,625 --> 00:25:10,625
biology? Like,

1376
00:25:10,625 --> 00:25:11,041
where did it come

1377
00:25:11,041 --> 00:25:11,541
from? Because,

1378
00:25:11,541 --> 00:25:12,416
you know, it's

1379
00:25:12,416 --> 00:25:13,041
not talked about

1380
00:25:13,041 --> 00:25:13,666
a lot. I'm sure

1381
00:25:13,666 --> 00:25:14,375
it's talked a lot

1382
00:25:14,375 --> 00:25:15,666
in molecular

1383
00:25:15,666 --> 00:25:16,875
biology. But did

1384
00:25:16,875 --> 00:25:17,333
you see it in

1385
00:25:17,333 --> 00:25:18,125
your undergrad or

1386
00:25:18,125 --> 00:25:18,416
through your

1387
00:25:18,416 --> 00:25:19,625
masters? Or how

1388
00:25:19,625 --> 00:25:20,541
did you discover

1389
00:25:20,541 --> 00:25:21,666
that working with

1390
00:25:21,666 --> 00:25:22,333
cyanobacteria

1391
00:25:22,333 --> 00:25:23,875
would be so

1392
00:25:23,875 --> 00:25:24,000
important?

1393
00:25:25,416 --> 00:25:27,000
So I started

1394
00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:27,583
working in the

1395
00:25:27,583 --> 00:25:28,875
lab during my

1396
00:25:28,875 --> 00:25:30,041
master. I was

1397
00:25:30,041 --> 00:25:30,500
studying

1398
00:25:30,500 --> 00:25:31,000
different

1399
00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:31,791
organisms, like

1400
00:25:31,791 --> 00:25:32,375
organisms that

1401
00:25:32,375 --> 00:25:32,916
are associated

1402
00:25:32,916 --> 00:25:33,916
with plants, like

1403
00:25:33,916 --> 00:25:34,416
rhizobia

1404
00:25:34,416 --> 00:25:35,666
bacteria. There

1405
00:25:35,666 --> 00:25:36,458
are some bacteria

1406
00:25:36,458 --> 00:25:36,833
that can

1407
00:25:36,833 --> 00:25:38,416
associate same

1408
00:25:38,416 --> 00:25:38,625
biopsy

1409
00:25:38,625 --> 00:25:39,000
with plants.

1410
00:25:39,041 --> 00:25:41,083
And I started

1411
00:25:41,083 --> 00:25:42,541
doing synthetic

1412
00:25:42,541 --> 00:25:43,416
biology with this

1413
00:25:43,416 --> 00:25:44,166
organization over

1414
00:25:44,166 --> 00:25:44,916
expressions on

1415
00:25:44,916 --> 00:25:45,541
genes and the

1416
00:25:45,541 --> 00:25:47,500
things when I

1417
00:25:47,500 --> 00:25:48,208
finished this,

1418
00:25:48,750 --> 00:25:50,250
you know, all of

1419
00:25:50,250 --> 00:25:50,791
the people has

1420
00:25:50,791 --> 00:25:51,041
this

1421
00:25:51,041 --> 00:25:51,500
philosophical

1422
00:25:51,500 --> 00:25:52,583
question, like

1423
00:25:52,583 --> 00:25:53,291
what is the next

1424
00:25:53,291 --> 00:25:54,250
what what is the

1425
00:25:54,250 --> 00:25:54,583
thing that we

1426
00:25:54,583 --> 00:25:55,000
should do?

1427
00:25:55,625 --> 00:25:56,250
And I was having

1428
00:25:56,250 --> 00:25:58,000
a look at the

1429
00:25:58,000 --> 00:25:58,750
different PhD

1430
00:25:58,750 --> 00:25:59,625
topics and the

1431
00:25:59,625 --> 00:26:01,000
things. And there

1432
00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:03,500
was a group in in

1433
00:26:03,500 --> 00:26:04,000
Cordoba in the

1434
00:26:04,000 --> 00:26:04,625
south of Spain,

1435
00:26:05,208 --> 00:26:05,708
then there is

1436
00:26:05,708 --> 00:26:06,958
like one of the

1437
00:26:06,958 --> 00:26:08,083
few in the world

1438
00:26:08,083 --> 00:26:08,500
that they are

1439
00:26:08,500 --> 00:26:08,958
studying

1440
00:26:08,958 --> 00:26:10,000
cyanobacteria

1441
00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:10,583
like different

1442
00:26:10,583 --> 00:26:11,000
type of cyanobacteria.

1443
00:26:11,041 --> 00:26:12,875
And there was a

1444
00:26:12,875 --> 00:26:13,416
project like

1445
00:26:13,416 --> 00:26:13,750
very, very

1446
00:26:13,750 --> 00:26:14,500
exciting because

1447
00:26:14,500 --> 00:26:16,166
they was the end

1448
00:26:16,166 --> 00:26:16,833
of that. It was

1449
00:26:16,833 --> 00:26:17,875
understanding the

1450
00:26:17,875 --> 00:26:18,708
metabolism, how

1451
00:26:18,708 --> 00:26:19,708
this organism one

1452
00:26:19,708 --> 00:26:22,125
how because one

1453
00:26:22,125 --> 00:26:22,583
interesting

1454
00:26:22,583 --> 00:26:23,916
things is like,

1455
00:26:23,916 --> 00:26:24,541
you know, like

1456
00:26:24,541 --> 00:26:26,208
this organism can

1457
00:26:26,208 --> 00:26:28,041
use like I

1458
00:26:28,041 --> 00:26:28,750
mentioned, like

1459
00:26:28,750 --> 00:26:31,291
CO2 in order to

1460
00:26:31,291 --> 00:26:34,000
grow, to survive.

1461
00:26:34,041 --> 00:26:35,250
But most

1462
00:26:35,250 --> 00:26:36,000
interesting thing

1463
00:26:36,000 --> 00:26:36,958
is like they just

1464
00:26:36,958 --> 00:26:38,166
discovered that

1465
00:26:38,166 --> 00:26:38,666
this

1466
00:26:38,666 --> 00:26:40,875
cyanobacteria has

1467
00:26:40,875 --> 00:26:41,625
inside of the

1468
00:26:41,625 --> 00:26:42,958
cell some

1469
00:26:42,958 --> 00:26:44,208
transport like

1470
00:26:44,208 --> 00:26:45,458
from glucose and

1471
00:26:45,458 --> 00:26:49,333
difference carbon

1472
00:26:49,333 --> 00:26:49,833
transport.

1473
00:26:50,041 --> 00:26:51,541
And the thing

1474
00:26:51,541 --> 00:26:51,833
that they

1475
00:26:51,833 --> 00:26:52,625
discovered is

1476
00:26:52,625 --> 00:26:53,083
like really,

1477
00:26:53,083 --> 00:26:53,791
really amazing

1478
00:26:53,791 --> 00:26:55,333
because this

1479
00:26:55,333 --> 00:26:57,500
organism when

1480
00:26:57,500 --> 00:26:57,875
they are

1481
00:26:57,875 --> 00:26:58,500
available, when

1482
00:26:58,500 --> 00:26:59,250
they have life,

1483
00:26:59,250 --> 00:26:59,791
for example, in

1484
00:26:59,791 --> 00:27:00,875
the in the ocean

1485
00:27:00,875 --> 00:27:01,500
that they have

1486
00:27:01,500 --> 00:27:02,833
available carbon.

1487
00:27:03,083 --> 00:27:03,583
So like, for

1488
00:27:03,583 --> 00:27:04,250
example, glucose

1489
00:27:04,250 --> 00:27:04,916
that they are in

1490
00:27:04,916 --> 00:27:05,833
the animal range

1491
00:27:05,833 --> 00:27:06,500
in the ocean,

1492
00:27:07,125 --> 00:27:08,416
they can take it

1493
00:27:08,416 --> 00:27:09,166
from the, you

1494
00:27:09,166 --> 00:27:09,666
know, from the

1495
00:27:09,666 --> 00:27:10,291
from the

1496
00:27:10,291 --> 00:27:10,541
environment.

1497
00:27:11,250 --> 00:27:11,875
And it is like a

1498
00:27:11,875 --> 00:27:12,208
metabolic

1499
00:27:12,208 --> 00:27:13,208
advantage because

1500
00:27:13,208 --> 00:27:13,916
they are like

1501
00:27:13,916 --> 00:27:15,083
this organism and

1502
00:27:15,083 --> 00:27:16,375
they are working

1503
00:27:16,375 --> 00:27:17,708
in order to be

1504
00:27:17,708 --> 00:27:18,583
very, very

1505
00:27:18,583 --> 00:27:19,291
efficient. You

1506
00:27:19,291 --> 00:27:19,833
know, it's like

1507
00:27:19,833 --> 00:27:21,041
even like with

1508
00:27:21,041 --> 00:27:21,833
the with the

1509
00:27:21,833 --> 00:27:22,750
centuries, like

1510
00:27:22,750 --> 00:27:23,541
with the 1000 of

1511
00:27:23,541 --> 00:27:24,833
the year, they

1512
00:27:24,833 --> 00:27:25,541
are always

1513
00:27:25,541 --> 00:27:26,416
compacting the,

1514
00:27:26,416 --> 00:27:26,833
you know, like

1515
00:27:26,833 --> 00:27:27,416
they are very,

1516
00:27:27,416 --> 00:27:27,625
very

1517
00:27:27,625 --> 00:27:28,000
small genome.

1518
00:27:28,041 --> 00:27:29,500
And every time is

1519
00:27:29,500 --> 00:27:30,250
like, okay, how

1520
00:27:30,250 --> 00:27:30,875
can I be more

1521
00:27:30,875 --> 00:27:32,208
efficiently and

1522
00:27:32,208 --> 00:27:33,958
understanding all

1523
00:27:33,958 --> 00:27:34,625
of that thing,

1524
00:27:34,625 --> 00:27:35,500
you know, but my

1525
00:27:35,500 --> 00:27:36,000
main thing is

1526
00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:37,791
like, this

1527
00:27:37,791 --> 00:27:38,583
organism, like

1528
00:27:38,583 --> 00:27:39,333
when I see like

1529
00:27:39,333 --> 00:27:40,125
because in the in

1530
00:27:40,125 --> 00:27:40,750
their website,

1531
00:27:40,750 --> 00:27:41,208
they have, you

1532
00:27:41,208 --> 00:27:42,666
know, like, that

1533
00:27:42,666 --> 00:27:43,916
they organize and

1534
00:27:43,916 --> 00:27:44,333
like produce

1535
00:27:44,333 --> 00:27:45,583
oxygen that they

1536
00:27:45,583 --> 00:27:46,625
they was like a

1537
00:27:46,625 --> 00:27:48,875
lot of thing that

1538
00:27:48,875 --> 00:27:49,416
they can do in

1539
00:27:49,416 --> 00:27:50,041
order to save the

1540
00:27:50,041 --> 00:27:51,166
planet, say,

1541
00:27:51,166 --> 00:27:51,791
okay, I think

1542
00:27:51,791 --> 00:27:52,666
this is my field,

1543
00:27:53,041 --> 00:27:53,875
because it's like

1544
00:27:53,875 --> 00:27:54,541
a way that I can

1545
00:27:54,541 --> 00:27:55,208
use in order to

1546
00:27:55,208 --> 00:27:55,708
have my planet

1547
00:27:55,708 --> 00:27:56,750
and this blow my

1548
00:27:56,750 --> 00:27:57,000
mind, you know, and we can do that.

1549
00:27:57,041 --> 00:27:58,000
You know, and

1550
00:27:58,000 --> 00:27:58,458
with the passing

1551
00:27:58,458 --> 00:27:59,750
of the time, I

1552
00:27:59,750 --> 00:28:00,333
studied, you

1553
00:28:00,333 --> 00:28:01,333
know, different

1554
00:28:01,333 --> 00:28:02,791
strain because we

1555
00:28:02,791 --> 00:28:03,916
have a strain

1556
00:28:03,916 --> 00:28:04,916
that grows slow,

1557
00:28:05,166 --> 00:28:06,541
grow fast, one of

1558
00:28:06,541 --> 00:28:07,583
them are using

1559
00:28:07,583 --> 00:28:08,000
from

1560
00:28:08,000 --> 00:28:08,500
biotechnology

1561
00:28:08,500 --> 00:28:09,625
perspective that

1562
00:28:09,625 --> 00:28:10,375
are like the now

1563
00:28:10,375 --> 00:28:11,041
that we are going

1564
00:28:11,041 --> 00:28:12,000
in that there are

1565
00:28:12,000 --> 00:28:12,333
fast

1566
00:28:12,333 --> 00:28:13,000
growing strain.

1567
00:28:13,041 --> 00:28:15,625
And to me, when I

1568
00:28:15,625 --> 00:28:17,291
find this is

1569
00:28:17,291 --> 00:28:18,500
something that

1570
00:28:18,500 --> 00:28:19,791
say this is like,

1571
00:28:19,791 --> 00:28:20,666
you know, one of

1572
00:28:20,666 --> 00:28:21,125
the main reasons

1573
00:28:21,125 --> 00:28:21,666
that I am hearing

1574
00:28:21,666 --> 00:28:23,208
this word is from

1575
00:28:23,208 --> 00:28:25,416
this. And with

1576
00:28:25,416 --> 00:28:25,875
the passing of

1577
00:28:25,875 --> 00:28:26,625
dying, Andrew,

1578
00:28:27,250 --> 00:28:28,208
and I was like,

1579
00:28:28,916 --> 00:28:30,083
especially with

1580
00:28:30,083 --> 00:28:30,625
this organism,

1581
00:28:30,625 --> 00:28:31,291
because for

1582
00:28:31,291 --> 00:28:31,958
example, when I

1583
00:28:31,958 --> 00:28:32,750
finished my PhD,

1584
00:28:34,125 --> 00:28:35,000
you need to you

1585
00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:35,541
want to continue

1586
00:28:35,541 --> 00:28:36,250
in sign, you need

1587
00:28:36,250 --> 00:28:37,583
a you need to do

1588
00:28:37,583 --> 00:28:38,625
something called

1589
00:28:38,625 --> 00:28:39,000
postdoctoral research.

1590
00:28:39,041 --> 00:28:43,625
So I moved to the

1591
00:28:43,625 --> 00:28:44,375
University of

1592
00:28:44,375 --> 00:28:45,791
Anglia Norwich,

1593
00:28:46,333 --> 00:28:48,958
UK also, in order

1594
00:28:48,958 --> 00:28:50,875
because it was

1595
00:28:50,875 --> 00:28:51,791
published a paper

1596
00:28:51,791 --> 00:28:53,333
that they was in,

1597
00:28:53,625 --> 00:28:54,166
they were trying

1598
00:28:54,166 --> 00:28:55,625
to, to create

1599
00:28:55,625 --> 00:28:56,875
like a toolbox in

1600
00:28:56,875 --> 00:28:57,708
order to modify

1601
00:28:57,708 --> 00:28:58,541
the fast growing

1602
00:28:58,541 --> 00:29:00,083
strain in order

1603
00:29:00,083 --> 00:29:00,791
that they want

1604
00:29:00,791 --> 00:29:01,500
that we can use

1605
00:29:01,500 --> 00:29:01,666
for

1606
00:29:01,666 --> 00:29:02,000
biotechnology.

1607
00:29:02,041 --> 00:29:05,166
And I studied, I

1608
00:29:05,166 --> 00:29:06,125
spent two years

1609
00:29:06,125 --> 00:29:07,125
developing these

1610
00:29:07,125 --> 00:29:08,583
tools in order to

1611
00:29:08,583 --> 00:29:09,791
modify the

1612
00:29:09,791 --> 00:29:11,083
strains in order

1613
00:29:11,083 --> 00:29:11,541
to produce

1614
00:29:11,541 --> 00:29:12,250
compound and the

1615
00:29:12,250 --> 00:29:14,416
thing that's the

1616
00:29:14,416 --> 00:29:15,333
most exciting to

1617
00:29:15,333 --> 00:29:16,041
me because it's

1618
00:29:16,041 --> 00:29:16,791
like has been,

1619
00:29:16,791 --> 00:29:17,625
you know, has

1620
00:29:17,625 --> 00:29:18,750
been like always

1621
00:29:18,750 --> 00:29:19,333
helping with

1622
00:29:19,333 --> 00:29:20,083
synovatry, but

1623
00:29:20,083 --> 00:29:20,750
it's like has

1624
00:29:20,750 --> 00:29:21,416
been aligning

1625
00:29:21,416 --> 00:29:22,875
more, you know,

1626
00:29:22,875 --> 00:29:24,041
in order to what

1627
00:29:24,041 --> 00:29:25,708
it can I do to

1628
00:29:25,708 --> 00:29:26,750
help this in a in

1629
00:29:26,750 --> 00:29:27,333
a better way.

1630
00:29:28,041 --> 00:29:29,083
Like the, the

1631
00:29:29,083 --> 00:29:29,875
topic of my

1632
00:29:29,875 --> 00:29:30,458
research, like in

1633
00:29:30,458 --> 00:29:31,125
order to modify

1634
00:29:31,125 --> 00:29:33,166
this strain to

1635
00:29:33,166 --> 00:29:34,083
produce something

1636
00:29:34,083 --> 00:29:35,041
that we can help

1637
00:29:35,041 --> 00:29:35,666
the planet and

1638
00:29:35,666 --> 00:29:36,166
the same time

1639
00:29:36,166 --> 00:29:37,250
that we are

1640
00:29:37,250 --> 00:29:37,541
producing

1641
00:29:37,541 --> 00:29:38,833
different wide

1642
00:29:38,833 --> 00:29:39,375
range of

1643
00:29:39,375 --> 00:29:39,750
compound.

1644
00:29:40,208 --> 00:29:41,666
Yeah, no, that's,

1645
00:29:41,666 --> 00:29:42,458
it's super

1646
00:29:42,458 --> 00:29:43,000
exciting.

1647
00:29:43,041 --> 00:29:45,500
When we talk

1648
00:29:45,500 --> 00:29:47,291
about sound of

1649
00:29:47,291 --> 00:29:48,041
bacteria and

1650
00:29:48,041 --> 00:29:51,541
their, their role

1651
00:29:51,541 --> 00:29:52,250
in climate

1652
00:29:52,250 --> 00:29:54,250
change, right,

1653
00:29:54,875 --> 00:29:55,166
you know,

1654
00:29:55,166 --> 00:29:55,708
bringing it back

1655
00:29:55,708 --> 00:29:56,500
to the people,

1656
00:29:57,416 --> 00:29:57,666
you know,

1657
00:29:57,666 --> 00:29:58,083
obviously there's

1658
00:29:58,083 --> 00:29:58,875
a lot of medical,

1659
00:29:59,333 --> 00:29:59,916
there's a lot of

1660
00:29:59,916 --> 00:30:03,291
medical, I guess,

1661
00:30:03,583 --> 00:30:04,375
practicalities

1662
00:30:04,375 --> 00:30:05,625
that you can that

1663
00:30:05,625 --> 00:30:06,000
you can use for people.

1664
00:30:06,041 --> 00:30:07,500
So that's, that's

1665
00:30:07,500 --> 00:30:08,000
really great.

1666
00:30:08,791 --> 00:30:09,291
From a climate

1667
00:30:09,291 --> 00:30:09,666
change

1668
00:30:09,666 --> 00:30:10,916
perspective, you

1669
00:30:10,916 --> 00:30:11,166
know, they

1670
00:30:11,166 --> 00:30:11,833
obviously play a

1671
00:30:11,833 --> 00:30:12,541
very important

1672
00:30:12,541 --> 00:30:14,208
role. Are there

1673
00:30:14,208 --> 00:30:15,458
any, is there any

1674
00:30:15,458 --> 00:30:16,666
research out

1675
00:30:16,666 --> 00:30:17,791
there trying to

1676
00:30:17,791 --> 00:30:18,708
get cyanobacteria

1677
00:30:18,708 --> 00:30:20,333
more involved in

1678
00:30:20,333 --> 00:30:23,500
sort of, you

1679
00:30:23,500 --> 00:30:24,208
know, absorbing

1680
00:30:24,208 --> 00:30:25,000
more CO2 from the atmosphere?

1681
00:30:25,041 --> 00:30:28,250
Is it possible to

1682
00:30:28,250 --> 00:30:29,083
do that? I know

1683
00:30:29,083 --> 00:30:29,583
there's like

1684
00:30:29,583 --> 00:30:29,958
fertilization

1685
00:30:29,958 --> 00:30:31,500
research out

1686
00:30:31,500 --> 00:30:32,000
there to try and

1687
00:30:32,000 --> 00:30:32,666
fertilize that

1688
00:30:32,666 --> 00:30:34,458
the, the, the

1689
00:30:34,458 --> 00:30:35,375
ocean with iron,

1690
00:30:35,375 --> 00:30:35,791
which, you know,

1691
00:30:35,791 --> 00:30:36,458
people aren't

1692
00:30:36,458 --> 00:30:37,833
loving with

1693
00:30:37,833 --> 00:30:38,458
cyanobacteria. Is

1694
00:30:38,458 --> 00:30:38,625
there any

1695
00:30:38,625 --> 00:30:39,750
research with

1696
00:30:39,750 --> 00:30:41,083
climate change to

1697
00:30:41,083 --> 00:30:42,208
help reduce

1698
00:30:42,208 --> 00:30:43,000
climate change or

1699
00:30:43,000 --> 00:30:44,916
help basically

1700
00:30:44,916 --> 00:30:46,208
absorb a lot of

1701
00:30:46,208 --> 00:30:47,291
the CO2 through,

1702
00:30:47,291 --> 00:30:47,625
through the

1703
00:30:47,625 --> 00:30:48,000
atmosphere?

1704
00:30:48,791 --> 00:30:49,541
So I am going to

1705
00:30:49,541 --> 00:30:49,791
tell you

1706
00:30:49,791 --> 00:30:50,500
something really

1707
00:30:50,500 --> 00:30:52,583
exciting. After I

1708
00:30:52,583 --> 00:30:53,333
finished this

1709
00:30:53,333 --> 00:30:53,833
postdoctoral

1710
00:30:53,833 --> 00:30:54,708
research, I was

1711
00:30:54,708 --> 00:30:56,000
also before to

1712
00:30:56,000 --> 00:30:56,416
take in the

1713
00:30:56,416 --> 00:30:57,000
decision to take

1714
00:30:57,000 --> 00:30:57,625
the lead to move

1715
00:30:57,625 --> 00:30:59,250
to industry. I

1716
00:30:59,250 --> 00:31:00,583
contact with one,

1717
00:31:01,000 --> 00:31:02,208
with one

1718
00:31:02,208 --> 00:31:03,333
researcher in the

1719
00:31:03,333 --> 00:31:04,000
University of

1720
00:31:04,000 --> 00:31:04,958
Illinois in

1721
00:31:04,958 --> 00:31:05,375
California.

1722
00:31:07,041 --> 00:31:09,333
They, they think

1723
00:31:09,333 --> 00:31:10,750
that it was

1724
00:31:10,750 --> 00:31:10,958
really

1725
00:31:10,958 --> 00:31:11,500
interesting to

1726
00:31:11,500 --> 00:31:11,958
me. They were

1727
00:31:11,958 --> 00:31:12,333
collaborating

1728
00:31:12,333 --> 00:31:15,333
with the NASA in

1729
00:31:15,333 --> 00:31:17,791
order to, to

1730
00:31:17,791 --> 00:31:19,250
create like, they

1731
00:31:19,250 --> 00:31:20,166
think it was,

1732
00:31:20,583 --> 00:31:21,041
they think that

1733
00:31:21,041 --> 00:31:21,458
they were doing

1734
00:31:21,458 --> 00:31:22,333
like, was really,

1735
00:31:22,333 --> 00:31:22,500
really

1736
00:31:22,500 --> 00:31:22,916
interesting

1737
00:31:22,916 --> 00:31:23,708
because they was

1738
00:31:23,708 --> 00:31:25,041
doing ocean

1739
00:31:25,041 --> 00:31:26,625
glories around

1740
00:31:26,625 --> 00:31:28,208
the world in

1741
00:31:28,208 --> 00:31:28,791
order to

1742
00:31:28,791 --> 00:31:29,500
measuring the

1743
00:31:29,500 --> 00:31:30,125
population of

1744
00:31:30,125 --> 00:31:30,833
cyanobacteria,

1745
00:31:31,125 --> 00:31:31,833
most of the, you

1746
00:31:31,833 --> 00:31:32,000
know,

1747
00:31:32,000 --> 00:31:32,625
phytoplactone,

1748
00:31:32,625 --> 00:31:33,000
you know,

1749
00:31:33,000 --> 00:31:33,333
different

1750
00:31:33,333 --> 00:31:34,666
organisms that

1751
00:31:34,666 --> 00:31:35,416
are part of that.

1752
00:31:36,041 --> 00:31:36,500
And in order,

1753
00:31:36,500 --> 00:31:37,791
like, if they can

1754
00:31:37,791 --> 00:31:38,875
quantify like in

1755
00:31:38,875 --> 00:31:39,875
every part of the

1756
00:31:39,875 --> 00:31:41,125
ocean, what are

1757
00:31:41,125 --> 00:31:42,250
the, the, for

1758
00:31:42,250 --> 00:31:43,125
example, how many

1759
00:31:43,125 --> 00:31:43,708
like percentage

1760
00:31:43,708 --> 00:31:44,666
of the organism,

1761
00:31:45,125 --> 00:31:46,041
they could create

1762
00:31:46,041 --> 00:31:47,833
like a plants in

1763
00:31:47,833 --> 00:31:49,708
order to create a

1764
00:31:49,708 --> 00:31:50,375
plants for

1765
00:31:50,375 --> 00:31:51,083
climate change.

1766
00:31:52,083 --> 00:31:53,291
But it's

1767
00:31:53,291 --> 00:31:53,791
something that it

1768
00:31:53,791 --> 00:31:54,375
is like a

1769
00:31:54,375 --> 00:31:54,875
currently in

1770
00:31:54,875 --> 00:31:55,166
studying.

1771
00:31:57,041 --> 00:31:57,541
For example, in

1772
00:31:57,541 --> 00:31:58,708
the ocean, there

1773
00:31:58,708 --> 00:31:59,208
are like, you

1774
00:31:59,208 --> 00:32:00,166
know, if I

1775
00:32:00,166 --> 00:32:00,666
mentioned that

1776
00:32:00,666 --> 00:32:01,416
are like so many

1777
00:32:01,416 --> 00:32:02,416
phytoplactone is

1778
00:32:02,416 --> 00:32:03,125
about like just

1779
00:32:03,125 --> 00:32:03,833
not by

1780
00:32:03,833 --> 00:32:04,458
cyanobacteria,

1781
00:32:04,458 --> 00:32:05,000
cyanobacteria is

1782
00:32:05,000 --> 00:32:05,916
most important.

1783
00:32:05,916 --> 00:32:06,208
There are part

1784
00:32:06,208 --> 00:32:06,791
of, for example,

1785
00:32:07,458 --> 00:32:08,500
diatomins and so

1786
00:32:08,500 --> 00:32:09,166
many organisms.

1787
00:32:10,000 --> 00:32:10,916
But most of the,

1788
00:32:10,916 --> 00:32:11,833
the organisms

1789
00:32:11,833 --> 00:32:12,583
that produce most

1790
00:32:12,583 --> 00:32:13,500
of the oxygen of

1791
00:32:13,500 --> 00:32:14,625
the world is

1792
00:32:14,625 --> 00:32:14,833
called

1793
00:32:14,833 --> 00:32:15,708
plocorococcus.

1794
00:32:15,708 --> 00:32:16,291
It's like a very,

1795
00:32:16,291 --> 00:32:17,166
very tiny cell.

1796
00:32:19,041 --> 00:32:20,500
And yeah, we need

1797
00:32:20,500 --> 00:32:22,375
to the main thing

1798
00:32:22,375 --> 00:32:23,416
that this, this

1799
00:32:23,416 --> 00:32:24,458
is this specific

1800
00:32:24,458 --> 00:32:25,291
strain is like

1801
00:32:25,291 --> 00:32:26,000
very, very

1802
00:32:26,000 --> 00:32:27,666
sensitive because

1803
00:32:27,666 --> 00:32:29,000
small chain in

1804
00:32:29,000 --> 00:32:29,500
the temperature

1805
00:32:29,500 --> 00:32:31,625
could affect to

1806
00:32:31,625 --> 00:32:33,125
the to the

1807
00:32:33,125 --> 00:32:33,583
population.

1808
00:32:34,166 --> 00:32:35,416
So now it's start

1809
00:32:35,416 --> 00:32:36,833
to to the claim

1810
00:32:36,833 --> 00:32:37,666
in to decrease

1811
00:32:37,666 --> 00:32:38,500
the population of

1812
00:32:38,500 --> 00:32:39,291
a bit of this.

1813
00:32:39,791 --> 00:32:40,583
But in order to

1814
00:32:40,583 --> 00:32:41,500
do something, you

1815
00:32:41,500 --> 00:32:42,375
know, at a global

1816
00:32:42,375 --> 00:32:43,916
scale is

1817
00:32:43,916 --> 00:32:45,291
something that is

1818
00:32:45,291 --> 00:32:45,791
not anything.

1819
00:32:46,041 --> 00:32:46,875
And also, I don't

1820
00:32:46,875 --> 00:32:47,375
know if you heard

1821
00:32:47,375 --> 00:32:48,291
about that. But

1822
00:32:48,291 --> 00:32:49,208
there was some

1823
00:32:49,208 --> 00:32:50,291
there was a

1824
00:32:50,291 --> 00:32:51,916
paper. It was

1825
00:32:51,916 --> 00:32:52,958
from probably

1826
00:32:52,958 --> 00:32:53,875
five or seven

1827
00:32:53,875 --> 00:32:55,291
years ago, that

1828
00:32:55,291 --> 00:32:57,208
they, okay, there

1829
00:32:57,208 --> 00:32:57,625
are some

1830
00:32:57,625 --> 00:32:58,250
researchers that

1831
00:32:58,250 --> 00:33:00,125
they want to, to,

1832
00:33:00,125 --> 00:33:00,458
you know, like

1833
00:33:00,458 --> 00:33:01,500
say, we, for

1834
00:33:01,500 --> 00:33:02,083
example, having

1835
00:33:02,083 --> 00:33:03,083
more iron to the

1836
00:33:03,083 --> 00:33:04,166
ocean, you know,

1837
00:33:04,166 --> 00:33:05,041
we will be in

1838
00:33:05,041 --> 00:33:05,875
also in

1839
00:33:05,875 --> 00:33:06,791
enhancing, you

1840
00:33:06,791 --> 00:33:07,291
know, like the

1841
00:33:07,291 --> 00:33:08,083
increasing of

1842
00:33:08,083 --> 00:33:08,333
this

1843
00:33:08,333 --> 00:33:09,000
microorganism.

1844
00:33:09,041 --> 00:33:10,916
But there is

1845
00:33:10,916 --> 00:33:11,583
another response

1846
00:33:11,583 --> 00:33:12,250
to that, that

1847
00:33:12,250 --> 00:33:12,875
there is there is

1848
00:33:12,875 --> 00:33:13,541
something very, very

1849
00:33:13,541 --> 00:33:14,041
controversial

1850
00:33:14,041 --> 00:33:15,208
because when you

1851
00:33:15,208 --> 00:33:16,000
do that, you

1852
00:33:16,000 --> 00:33:16,708
change the

1853
00:33:16,708 --> 00:33:18,500
completely state

1854
00:33:18,500 --> 00:33:20,333
of all of the all

1855
00:33:20,333 --> 00:33:20,958
of the ecosystem

1856
00:33:20,958 --> 00:33:21,625
that they are

1857
00:33:21,625 --> 00:33:22,250
living together.

1858
00:33:22,750 --> 00:33:23,041
And it is

1859
00:33:23,041 --> 00:33:24,625
something that I

1860
00:33:24,625 --> 00:33:25,083
think that the

1861
00:33:25,083 --> 00:33:25,583
main thing that

1862
00:33:25,583 --> 00:33:26,166
we need to do is

1863
00:33:26,166 --> 00:33:26,791
taking care of

1864
00:33:26,791 --> 00:33:28,500
the thing that we

1865
00:33:28,500 --> 00:33:31,208
have. And yeah,

1866
00:33:31,208 --> 00:33:32,166
because it's just

1867
00:33:32,166 --> 00:33:33,291
a small chain

1868
00:33:33,291 --> 00:33:35,583
could make a like

1869
00:33:35,583 --> 00:33:36,500
a drafty list if

1870
00:33:36,500 --> 00:33:37,041
in all of the

1871
00:33:37,041 --> 00:33:37,500
population.

1872
00:33:38,458 --> 00:33:39,208
For people who

1873
00:33:39,208 --> 00:33:39,708
are listening in

1874
00:33:39,708 --> 00:33:41,208
the audience, who

1875
00:33:41,208 --> 00:33:41,958
are like, look,

1876
00:33:41,958 --> 00:33:42,625
these microbes,

1877
00:33:42,875 --> 00:33:43,291
obviously, they

1878
00:33:43,291 --> 00:33:43,625
have some

1879
00:33:43,625 --> 00:33:44,375
importance to

1880
00:33:44,375 --> 00:33:46,375
them. You know,

1881
00:33:47,458 --> 00:33:47,958
but but they're

1882
00:33:47,958 --> 00:33:48,291
just like, we

1883
00:33:48,291 --> 00:33:48,958
don't see these

1884
00:33:48,958 --> 00:33:49,541
things all the

1885
00:33:49,541 --> 00:33:50,083
time. And every

1886
00:33:50,083 --> 00:33:50,750
time, you know,

1887
00:33:50,750 --> 00:33:51,500
they focus on

1888
00:33:51,500 --> 00:33:53,166
algae, you know,

1889
00:33:53,166 --> 00:33:54,125
they think of bad

1890
00:33:54,125 --> 00:33:55,375
things associated

1891
00:33:55,375 --> 00:33:56,250
with algae.

1892
00:33:57,250 --> 00:33:58,166
How can we get

1893
00:33:58,166 --> 00:33:59,791
people to think

1894
00:33:59,791 --> 00:34:01,625
more positively

1895
00:34:01,625 --> 00:34:03,291
about things like

1896
00:34:03,291 --> 00:34:04,416
cyanobacteria or

1897
00:34:04,416 --> 00:34:05,791
algae in general?

1898
00:34:07,250 --> 00:34:08,000
Yes, I see this

1899
00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:08,875
point. And also,

1900
00:34:08,875 --> 00:34:10,333
actually, I

1901
00:34:10,333 --> 00:34:10,958
remember in my

1902
00:34:10,958 --> 00:34:11,666
last year when I

1903
00:34:11,666 --> 00:34:12,625
was studying in

1904
00:34:12,625 --> 00:34:13,583
Cordoba, people

1905
00:34:13,583 --> 00:34:14,666
say, oh, you

1906
00:34:14,666 --> 00:34:16,500
know, I am very,

1907
00:34:16,750 --> 00:34:17,458
I'm feeling, you

1908
00:34:17,458 --> 00:34:18,416
know, very bad

1909
00:34:18,416 --> 00:34:19,541
because I have a

1910
00:34:19,541 --> 00:34:20,583
lake in my town.

1911
00:34:21,375 --> 00:34:21,791
And you know,

1912
00:34:21,791 --> 00:34:22,541
this town, they

1913
00:34:22,541 --> 00:34:24,416
have like a song,

1914
00:34:24,625 --> 00:34:25,125
cyanobacteria

1915
00:34:25,125 --> 00:34:25,875
that they are

1916
00:34:25,875 --> 00:34:27,625
toxic. And we

1917
00:34:27,625 --> 00:34:28,416
cannot, you know,

1918
00:34:28,416 --> 00:34:29,291
like go to get

1919
00:34:29,291 --> 00:34:29,916
like a swimming

1920
00:34:29,916 --> 00:34:31,791
in the in, you

1921
00:34:31,791 --> 00:34:33,166
know, during

1922
00:34:33,166 --> 00:34:33,666
the salmon.

1923
00:34:34,250 --> 00:34:34,875
But it is like

1924
00:34:34,875 --> 00:34:35,625
happening, like

1925
00:34:35,625 --> 00:34:36,583
not in a very

1926
00:34:36,583 --> 00:34:37,375
globally way

1927
00:34:37,375 --> 00:34:38,166
there is a of

1928
00:34:38,166 --> 00:34:38,666
course there are

1929
00:34:38,666 --> 00:34:39,333
some

1930
00:34:39,333 --> 00:34:40,500
cyanobacteria

1931
00:34:40,500 --> 00:34:41,625
that has and also

1932
00:34:41,625 --> 00:34:42,375
some microalgae

1933
00:34:42,375 --> 00:34:43,750
that has inside

1934
00:34:43,750 --> 00:34:44,500
of the genome

1935
00:34:44,500 --> 00:34:46,166
some I won't I

1936
00:34:46,166 --> 00:34:46,958
won't be like

1937
00:34:46,958 --> 00:34:47,458
here like very,

1938
00:34:47,458 --> 00:34:48,625
very centrifugal

1939
00:34:48,625 --> 00:34:49,958
way but has some

1940
00:34:49,958 --> 00:34:50,875
genes inside that

1941
00:34:50,875 --> 00:34:52,000
they will be able

1942
00:34:52,000 --> 00:34:53,666
to produce some

1943
00:34:53,666 --> 00:34:55,000
toxin normally in

1944
00:34:55,000 --> 00:34:56,958
a very low, low

1945
00:34:56,958 --> 00:34:57,416
concentration.

1946
00:34:58,625 --> 00:35:00,750
But we say that

1947
00:35:00,750 --> 00:35:01,708
we don't see this

1948
00:35:01,708 --> 00:35:02,416
this organism.

1949
00:35:02,416 --> 00:35:02,916
But for example,

1950
00:35:03,583 --> 00:35:04,083
I'm going to tell

1951
00:35:04,083 --> 00:35:04,708
you two years

1952
00:35:04,708 --> 00:35:07,708
ago, I was in

1953
00:35:07,708 --> 00:35:08,833
Thailand, and it

1954
00:35:08,833 --> 00:35:09,958
was a night and I

1955
00:35:09,958 --> 00:35:10,625
was in a boat.

1956
00:35:11,625 --> 00:35:12,750
And I see this

1957
00:35:12,750 --> 00:35:13,750
organism glow,

1958
00:35:14,250 --> 00:35:14,958
because there are

1959
00:35:14,958 --> 00:35:16,583
some of them that

1960
00:35:16,583 --> 00:35:17,750
has inside or

1961
00:35:17,750 --> 00:35:19,000
then some genes

1962
00:35:19,000 --> 00:35:20,000
that they can

1963
00:35:20,000 --> 00:35:21,500
that they will be

1964
00:35:21,500 --> 00:35:22,125
able to produce

1965
00:35:22,125 --> 00:35:23,000
by Lumi sense.

1966
00:35:23,708 --> 00:35:24,125
And it is

1967
00:35:24,125 --> 00:35:24,916
something really,

1968
00:35:24,916 --> 00:35:25,708
really exciting

1969
00:35:25,708 --> 00:35:26,416
and recommend all

1970
00:35:26,416 --> 00:35:26,916
the people that

1971
00:35:26,916 --> 00:35:27,875
have the

1972
00:35:27,875 --> 00:35:28,166
opportunity

1973
00:35:28,166 --> 00:35:28,750
to see.

1974
00:35:29,041 --> 00:35:30,083
But the message

1975
00:35:30,083 --> 00:35:31,250
to this, like it

1976
00:35:31,250 --> 00:35:32,166
is not like a

1977
00:35:32,166 --> 00:35:34,208
organism that it

1978
00:35:34,208 --> 00:35:34,958
is like a person

1979
00:35:34,958 --> 00:35:36,000
an illness or it

1980
00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:37,541
is not most of

1981
00:35:37,541 --> 00:35:38,666
the strain of

1982
00:35:38,666 --> 00:35:39,500
when I say in a

1983
00:35:39,500 --> 00:35:40,583
strain, like I am

1984
00:35:40,583 --> 00:35:42,625
telling like, we

1985
00:35:42,625 --> 00:35:43,291
have like a

1986
00:35:43,291 --> 00:35:44,333
different type of

1987
00:35:44,333 --> 00:35:45,250
organism that you

1988
00:35:45,250 --> 00:35:46,125
know, like me in

1989
00:35:46,125 --> 00:35:48,000
this is like, one

1990
00:35:48,000 --> 00:35:48,583
time we have

1991
00:35:48,583 --> 00:35:49,458
another time, you

1992
00:35:49,458 --> 00:35:49,750
know, like

1993
00:35:49,750 --> 00:35:50,083
different

1994
00:35:50,083 --> 00:35:50,500
general.

1995
00:35:51,041 --> 00:35:54,500
But it's not

1996
00:35:54,500 --> 00:35:55,083
something like

1997
00:35:55,083 --> 00:35:56,041
that for the in

1998
00:35:56,041 --> 00:35:56,791
the overall, but

1999
00:35:56,791 --> 00:35:57,541
for the headlight

2000
00:35:57,541 --> 00:35:59,083
in some cases, in

2001
00:35:59,083 --> 00:35:59,875
a very specific

2002
00:35:59,875 --> 00:36:00,375
circumstances,

2003
00:36:00,375 --> 00:36:01,541
there are there

2004
00:36:01,541 --> 00:36:03,208
could be like a

2005
00:36:03,208 --> 00:36:04,500
circus like there

2006
00:36:04,500 --> 00:36:05,791
is a bloom of

2007
00:36:05,791 --> 00:36:07,000
this organism,

2008
00:36:07,291 --> 00:36:07,791
but it is not

2009
00:36:07,791 --> 00:36:08,458
something that

2010
00:36:08,458 --> 00:36:09,458
happily like

2011
00:36:09,458 --> 00:36:09,791
very, very

2012
00:36:09,791 --> 00:36:10,750
frequently on a

2013
00:36:10,750 --> 00:36:12,041
global scale that

2014
00:36:12,041 --> 00:36:12,666
you for example,

2015
00:36:12,666 --> 00:36:13,166
and in the ocean

2016
00:36:13,166 --> 00:36:13,958
and say, Oh, no,

2017
00:36:13,958 --> 00:36:14,333
you know, I need

2018
00:36:14,333 --> 00:36:14,750
to be care

2019
00:36:14,750 --> 00:36:15,000
about this.

2020
00:36:16,041 --> 00:36:16,791
Organizing that

2021
00:36:16,791 --> 00:36:17,750
I'm going to be,

2022
00:36:18,250 --> 00:36:18,958
it's like a

2023
00:36:18,958 --> 00:36:19,708
represent like a

2024
00:36:19,708 --> 00:36:20,416
threat for that.

2025
00:36:20,625 --> 00:36:21,416
But absolutely,

2026
00:36:21,416 --> 00:36:22,125
you know, we need

2027
00:36:22,125 --> 00:36:23,666
to recommend all

2028
00:36:23,666 --> 00:36:24,375
other people to

2029
00:36:24,375 --> 00:36:25,166
read more about

2030
00:36:25,166 --> 00:36:26,541
this and think

2031
00:36:26,541 --> 00:36:27,125
about this.

2032
00:36:27,791 --> 00:36:28,458
Because most of

2033
00:36:28,458 --> 00:36:29,000
the people under

2034
00:36:29,000 --> 00:36:29,958
you think, Oh, we

2035
00:36:29,958 --> 00:36:32,250
need to save the

2036
00:36:32,250 --> 00:36:33,166
forest, you know,

2037
00:36:33,541 --> 00:36:34,500
but let's think

2038
00:36:34,500 --> 00:36:35,666
about the ocean

2039
00:36:35,666 --> 00:36:36,875
because it's like

2040
00:36:36,875 --> 00:36:38,541
the other land of

2041
00:36:38,541 --> 00:36:39,708
the planet and be

2042
00:36:39,708 --> 00:36:39,875
concerned

2043
00:36:39,875 --> 00:36:40,000
about this.

2044
00:36:41,041 --> 00:36:42,750
What is what is

2045
00:36:42,750 --> 00:36:43,250
the thing that we

2046
00:36:43,250 --> 00:36:43,791
can do in order

2047
00:36:43,791 --> 00:36:45,875
to to help the

2048
00:36:45,875 --> 00:36:47,500
ocean? Yeah, I

2049
00:36:47,500 --> 00:36:48,208
think it's I

2050
00:36:48,208 --> 00:36:48,791
think it's

2051
00:36:48,791 --> 00:36:49,166
interesting

2052
00:36:49,166 --> 00:36:49,875
because you know,

2053
00:36:49,875 --> 00:36:51,666
we see we see a

2054
00:36:51,666 --> 00:36:52,291
lot of people,

2055
00:36:52,583 --> 00:36:53,125
you know, I see

2056
00:36:53,125 --> 00:36:54,500
it now. One of

2057
00:36:54,500 --> 00:36:55,000
the things I see

2058
00:36:55,000 --> 00:36:55,583
right now is

2059
00:36:55,583 --> 00:36:56,250
like, you know,

2060
00:36:56,250 --> 00:36:57,041
sargasm is on the

2061
00:36:57,041 --> 00:36:57,875
beaches in the

2062
00:36:57,875 --> 00:36:58,416
Caribbean and

2063
00:36:58,416 --> 00:36:58,708
people are

2064
00:36:58,708 --> 00:36:59,250
freaking out

2065
00:36:59,250 --> 00:36:59,916
because they see

2066
00:36:59,916 --> 00:37:00,541
this and it's a

2067
00:37:00,541 --> 00:37:01,041
climate change

2068
00:37:01,041 --> 00:37:01,625
thing. It's

2069
00:37:01,625 --> 00:37:02,000
increasing more because of climate change.

2070
00:37:02,041 --> 00:37:04,416
But these the

2071
00:37:04,416 --> 00:37:05,041
seaweed also

2072
00:37:05,041 --> 00:37:06,125
helps, you know,

2073
00:37:06,500 --> 00:37:08,041
sequester carbon.

2074
00:37:08,666 --> 00:37:09,083
Same thing with

2075
00:37:09,083 --> 00:37:10,125
with, you know,

2076
00:37:10,125 --> 00:37:10,416
some of these

2077
00:37:10,416 --> 00:37:11,458
microbes that we

2078
00:37:11,458 --> 00:37:12,333
that we don't

2079
00:37:12,333 --> 00:37:14,583
see. I guess and

2080
00:37:14,583 --> 00:37:15,041
and there's

2081
00:37:15,041 --> 00:37:15,666
there's such a

2082
00:37:15,666 --> 00:37:17,166
knowledge gap in

2083
00:37:17,166 --> 00:37:17,791
microbes, even

2084
00:37:17,791 --> 00:37:18,625
for myself. And

2085
00:37:18,625 --> 00:37:19,458
as I learn more

2086
00:37:19,458 --> 00:37:20,166
and more, I start

2087
00:37:20,166 --> 00:37:20,708
to get especially

2088
00:37:20,708 --> 00:37:21,291
this week as I

2089
00:37:21,291 --> 00:37:21,958
did research for

2090
00:37:21,958 --> 00:37:22,500
the episodes this

2091
00:37:22,500 --> 00:37:23,250
week and your

2092
00:37:23,250 --> 00:37:24,333
episodes. I'm

2093
00:37:24,333 --> 00:37:25,041
always impressed

2094
00:37:25,041 --> 00:37:26,166
by what microbes

2095
00:37:26,166 --> 00:37:27,333
are able to do in

2096
00:37:27,333 --> 00:37:28,500
the ocean and for

2097
00:37:28,500 --> 00:37:29,708
us as a as a

2098
00:37:29,708 --> 00:37:31,375
planet. But if if

2099
00:37:31,375 --> 00:37:32,000
there's, you know, if there's a lot of microbes in the ocean, you know, you know, you can do it.

2100
00:37:32,041 --> 00:37:32,416
You know, there's

2101
00:37:32,416 --> 00:37:32,958
still a knowledge

2102
00:37:32,958 --> 00:37:33,916
gap. So if

2103
00:37:33,916 --> 00:37:34,500
there's if

2104
00:37:34,500 --> 00:37:35,041
there's one thing

2105
00:37:35,041 --> 00:37:36,333
you wish people

2106
00:37:36,333 --> 00:37:38,875
understood about

2107
00:37:38,875 --> 00:37:39,750
microbes in the

2108
00:37:39,750 --> 00:37:41,041
ocean, what would

2109
00:37:41,041 --> 00:37:41,875
it be? That's a

2110
00:37:41,875 --> 00:37:42,166
difficult

2111
00:37:42,166 --> 00:37:43,000
question, Andrea.

2112
00:37:44,916 --> 00:37:47,416
I will I will I

2113
00:37:47,416 --> 00:37:48,875
will try to to

2114
00:37:48,875 --> 00:37:49,583
understand this

2115
00:37:49,583 --> 00:37:51,041
like, no, like,

2116
00:37:51,041 --> 00:37:51,625
like a single,

2117
00:37:51,625 --> 00:37:52,541
you know, like a

2118
00:37:52,541 --> 00:37:53,125
single unit,

2119
00:37:53,583 --> 00:37:54,000
understand

2120
00:37:54,000 --> 00:37:55,416
everything, like

2121
00:37:55,416 --> 00:37:56,458
a chain that all

2122
00:37:56,458 --> 00:37:57,500
of us are a part

2123
00:37:57,500 --> 00:37:57,958
of this

2124
00:37:57,958 --> 00:37:58,375
ecosystem.

2125
00:37:59,041 --> 00:37:59,708
And we are living

2126
00:37:59,708 --> 00:38:00,458
from that we are

2127
00:38:00,458 --> 00:38:01,166
like living

2128
00:38:01,166 --> 00:38:04,083
together. And

2129
00:38:04,083 --> 00:38:04,500
yeah, like, for

2130
00:38:04,500 --> 00:38:05,333
example, like put

2131
00:38:05,333 --> 00:38:07,125
or, you know,

2132
00:38:07,125 --> 00:38:08,500
like, thinking

2133
00:38:08,500 --> 00:38:09,083
about the thing

2134
00:38:09,083 --> 00:38:10,083
that we can do in

2135
00:38:10,083 --> 00:38:10,750
order to help the

2136
00:38:10,750 --> 00:38:11,500
planet, you know,

2137
00:38:11,500 --> 00:38:11,833
like, for

2138
00:38:11,833 --> 00:38:12,625
example, we see

2139
00:38:12,625 --> 00:38:13,791
like, when you

2140
00:38:13,791 --> 00:38:14,625
see this, for

2141
00:38:14,625 --> 00:38:15,375
example, the new,

2142
00:38:15,375 --> 00:38:16,166
you see like the

2143
00:38:16,166 --> 00:38:16,666
ocean, like

2144
00:38:16,666 --> 00:38:17,666
people putting a

2145
00:38:17,666 --> 00:38:18,541
lot of garbage on

2146
00:38:18,541 --> 00:38:19,250
it is like, you

2147
00:38:19,250 --> 00:38:19,833
know, like, for

2148
00:38:19,833 --> 00:38:20,583
example, on some

2149
00:38:20,583 --> 00:38:21,666
countries like

2150
00:38:21,666 --> 00:38:22,333
India,

2151
00:38:22,333 --> 00:38:22,958
Bangladesh, that

2152
00:38:22,958 --> 00:38:23,666
you see, like the

2153
00:38:23,666 --> 00:38:25,583
place around that

2154
00:38:25,583 --> 00:38:26,250
you say how this

2155
00:38:26,250 --> 00:38:27,000
can be possible.

2156
00:38:27,041 --> 00:38:27,791
And for example,

2157
00:38:28,541 --> 00:38:29,750
so many factories

2158
00:38:29,750 --> 00:38:32,833
like we producing

2159
00:38:32,833 --> 00:38:34,250
so many CO2 to

2160
00:38:34,250 --> 00:38:34,958
the asthma fair

2161
00:38:34,958 --> 00:38:37,250
about that. We

2162
00:38:37,250 --> 00:38:37,666
need to think

2163
00:38:37,666 --> 00:38:38,000
like this

2164
00:38:38,000 --> 00:38:39,250
organism is

2165
00:38:39,250 --> 00:38:40,583
helping to deal

2166
00:38:40,583 --> 00:38:42,333
with problem, a

2167
00:38:42,333 --> 00:38:42,958
problem, like

2168
00:38:42,958 --> 00:38:43,666
very important

2169
00:38:43,666 --> 00:38:44,166
problem that

2170
00:38:44,166 --> 00:38:44,750
we're suffering

2171
00:38:44,750 --> 00:38:45,708
nowadays are like

2172
00:38:45,708 --> 00:38:46,416
the greenhouse

2173
00:38:46,416 --> 00:38:47,500
effect, because

2174
00:38:47,500 --> 00:38:48,458
as you mentioned,

2175
00:38:49,458 --> 00:38:49,750
they are can

2176
00:38:49,750 --> 00:38:51,958
capture this gas

2177
00:38:51,958 --> 00:38:52,458
that this

2178
00:38:52,458 --> 00:38:53,166
terrible gas that

2179
00:38:53,166 --> 00:38:54,416
we are producing

2180
00:38:54,416 --> 00:38:54,916
and we are

2181
00:38:54,916 --> 00:38:55,625
posting in like

2182
00:38:55,625 --> 00:38:57,000
the, the earth.

2183
00:38:57,041 --> 00:38:58,708
Every year more,

2184
00:38:58,708 --> 00:38:59,625
more, more, more,

2185
00:38:59,625 --> 00:39:00,625
more, more. They

2186
00:39:00,625 --> 00:39:01,666
have the ability,

2187
00:39:02,458 --> 00:39:03,208
same thing that

2188
00:39:03,208 --> 00:39:03,708
the planet even

2189
00:39:03,708 --> 00:39:04,458
more efficiently

2190
00:39:04,458 --> 00:39:05,666
to capture the

2191
00:39:05,666 --> 00:39:07,166
CO2. And the same

2192
00:39:07,166 --> 00:39:08,041
thing with it.

2193
00:39:08,041 --> 00:39:09,333
Okay, we are

2194
00:39:09,333 --> 00:39:10,041
taking the CO2

2195
00:39:10,041 --> 00:39:10,500
and at the same

2196
00:39:10,500 --> 00:39:11,458
time are

2197
00:39:11,458 --> 00:39:12,416
releasing oxygen

2198
00:39:12,416 --> 00:39:13,000
and the thing

2199
00:39:13,000 --> 00:39:13,458
that they do in

2200
00:39:13,458 --> 00:39:14,083
the life, like,

2201
00:39:14,166 --> 00:39:14,791
exactly the same

2202
00:39:14,791 --> 00:39:15,000
process.

2203
00:39:15,041 --> 00:39:16,166
But at the end, I

2204
00:39:16,166 --> 00:39:16,666
am releasing

2205
00:39:16,666 --> 00:39:17,958
oxygen, but

2206
00:39:17,958 --> 00:39:18,708
producing a

2207
00:39:18,708 --> 00:39:20,458
compound, even

2208
00:39:20,458 --> 00:39:22,208
like thing that

2209
00:39:22,208 --> 00:39:22,708
you can even

2210
00:39:22,708 --> 00:39:23,250
imagine, like

2211
00:39:23,250 --> 00:39:23,833
everything that

2212
00:39:23,833 --> 00:39:24,833
will change that

2213
00:39:24,833 --> 00:39:25,791
you can think we

2214
00:39:25,791 --> 00:39:26,625
can produce. So

2215
00:39:26,625 --> 00:39:27,416
it is like

2216
00:39:27,416 --> 00:39:29,000
something that I

2217
00:39:29,000 --> 00:39:29,666
didn't start to

2218
00:39:29,666 --> 00:39:30,000
communicate a lot about that.

2219
00:39:30,041 --> 00:39:31,250
You know, like,

2220
00:39:31,250 --> 00:39:31,666
for example,

2221
00:39:31,666 --> 00:39:32,541
doing a lot of

2222
00:39:32,541 --> 00:39:33,375
talking about

2223
00:39:33,375 --> 00:39:34,166
this and most of

2224
00:39:34,166 --> 00:39:34,833
the people and

2225
00:39:34,833 --> 00:39:35,666
even when my book

2226
00:39:35,666 --> 00:39:37,208
I start to, to

2227
00:39:37,208 --> 00:39:37,833
talk also a bit

2228
00:39:37,833 --> 00:39:39,750
about the sign of

2229
00:39:39,750 --> 00:39:40,333
a theory and most

2230
00:39:40,333 --> 00:39:40,791
of the people

2231
00:39:40,791 --> 00:39:41,541
under you, I feel

2232
00:39:41,541 --> 00:39:42,666
like they don't

2233
00:39:42,666 --> 00:39:43,333
understand this

2234
00:39:43,333 --> 00:39:43,833
and they don't

2235
00:39:43,833 --> 00:39:45,875
have a idea about

2236
00:39:45,875 --> 00:39:47,166
the thing that

2237
00:39:47,166 --> 00:39:47,708
they are capable

2238
00:39:47,708 --> 00:39:48,750
to do, because

2239
00:39:48,750 --> 00:39:50,083
this is this, the

2240
00:39:50,083 --> 00:39:50,708
problem is life

2241
00:39:50,708 --> 00:39:51,041
from the

2242
00:39:51,041 --> 00:39:51,750
secondary school

2243
00:39:51,750 --> 00:39:52,291
that they teach,

2244
00:39:52,666 --> 00:39:53,583
the same that I

2245
00:39:53,583 --> 00:39:54,666
was telling, like

2246
00:39:54,666 --> 00:39:55,416
the oxygen

2247
00:39:55,416 --> 00:39:56,375
released by the

2248
00:39:56,375 --> 00:39:57,208
forest, by the

2249
00:39:57,208 --> 00:39:58,250
trees, but there

2250
00:39:58,250 --> 00:39:59,333
is no mention in

2251
00:39:59,333 --> 00:40:00,000
the book there's a lot of

2252
00:40:00,041 --> 00:40:01,000
leads that I have

2253
00:40:01,000 --> 00:40:02,416
seen in from this

2254
00:40:02,416 --> 00:40:03,375
organism. And now

2255
00:40:03,375 --> 00:40:04,291
I think that with

2256
00:40:04,291 --> 00:40:04,875
the past, the

2257
00:40:04,875 --> 00:40:05,625
time people will

2258
00:40:05,625 --> 00:40:06,500
take a more

2259
00:40:06,500 --> 00:40:07,208
constant and

2260
00:40:07,208 --> 00:40:08,166
aware about this.

2261
00:40:08,875 --> 00:40:10,041
But I think that

2262
00:40:10,041 --> 00:40:10,500
the situation is

2263
00:40:10,500 --> 00:40:12,041
starting to

2264
00:40:12,041 --> 00:40:12,791
change because

2265
00:40:12,791 --> 00:40:13,250
most of the

2266
00:40:13,250 --> 00:40:14,500
people that I

2267
00:40:14,500 --> 00:40:15,000
know with the

2268
00:40:15,000 --> 00:40:15,916
past, you know,

2269
00:40:15,916 --> 00:40:17,541
like when I are

2270
00:40:17,541 --> 00:40:18,500
doing like event

2271
00:40:18,500 --> 00:40:19,250
in order to

2272
00:40:19,250 --> 00:40:20,166
communicate this

2273
00:40:20,166 --> 00:40:21,000
more like people

2274
00:40:21,000 --> 00:40:22,500
are trying to be

2275
00:40:22,500 --> 00:40:23,125
more aware about

2276
00:40:23,125 --> 00:40:24,833
this. Yeah. And

2277
00:40:24,833 --> 00:40:25,500
it's interesting,

2278
00:40:25,500 --> 00:40:25,750
you know, you

2279
00:40:25,750 --> 00:40:26,208
talk about

2280
00:40:26,208 --> 00:40:27,208
getting people

2281
00:40:27,208 --> 00:40:27,958
more aware.

2282
00:40:30,166 --> 00:40:33,250
What do you think

2283
00:40:33,250 --> 00:40:34,000
scientists should

2284
00:40:34,000 --> 00:40:35,041
do differently if

2285
00:40:35,041 --> 00:40:35,625
they want their

2286
00:40:35,625 --> 00:40:36,708
work to actually

2287
00:40:36,708 --> 00:40:37,583
reach an

2288
00:40:37,583 --> 00:40:38,083
influenced

2289
00:40:38,083 --> 00:40:39,541
society? Well, I

2290
00:40:39,541 --> 00:40:40,875
think the main

2291
00:40:40,875 --> 00:40:41,625
problem that we

2292
00:40:41,625 --> 00:40:42,458
have is science

2293
00:40:42,458 --> 00:40:43,375
and science

2294
00:40:43,375 --> 00:40:45,375
sometimes we

2295
00:40:45,375 --> 00:40:46,375
don't have enough

2296
00:40:46,375 --> 00:40:46,833
visibility,

2297
00:40:47,500 --> 00:40:47,916
because we

2298
00:40:47,916 --> 00:40:48,666
produce like, for

2299
00:40:48,666 --> 00:40:50,000
example, so many

2300
00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:50,750
papers, you know,

2301
00:40:50,750 --> 00:40:51,291
we publish a

2302
00:40:51,291 --> 00:40:52,125
paper in nature

2303
00:40:52,125 --> 00:40:52,833
or something like

2304
00:40:52,833 --> 00:40:53,375
that, this like

2305
00:40:53,375 --> 00:40:54,166
something like,

2306
00:40:54,500 --> 00:40:55,666
yeah, very, very

2307
00:40:55,666 --> 00:40:56,166
important.

2308
00:40:56,916 --> 00:40:57,375
But for example,

2309
00:40:57,583 --> 00:40:58,000
you will never

2310
00:40:58,000 --> 00:40:59,125
see like on TV,

2311
00:40:59,708 --> 00:41:00,500
oh, this kind,

2312
00:41:00,791 --> 00:41:01,166
this group, this

2313
00:41:01,166 --> 00:41:01,791
group has

2314
00:41:01,791 --> 00:41:03,000
discovered in the

2315
00:41:03,000 --> 00:41:03,625
ocean when make

2316
00:41:03,625 --> 00:41:04,458
urbanism that,

2317
00:41:04,458 --> 00:41:05,458
you know, we can

2318
00:41:05,458 --> 00:41:06,041
do something for

2319
00:41:06,041 --> 00:41:06,500
helping the

2320
00:41:06,500 --> 00:41:07,041
planet because,

2321
00:41:07,041 --> 00:41:08,416
you know, like, I

2322
00:41:08,416 --> 00:41:08,875
think that there

2323
00:41:08,875 --> 00:41:09,333
is like the

2324
00:41:09,333 --> 00:41:09,875
message to that

2325
00:41:09,875 --> 00:41:10,291
to the

2326
00:41:10,291 --> 00:41:11,291
general people.

2327
00:41:11,333 --> 00:41:12,708
For example, it

2328
00:41:12,708 --> 00:41:13,708
is not like

2329
00:41:13,708 --> 00:41:16,000
something that

2330
00:41:16,000 --> 00:41:16,791
they are thinking

2331
00:41:16,791 --> 00:41:17,291
that they are

2332
00:41:17,291 --> 00:41:17,958
relevant or they

2333
00:41:17,958 --> 00:41:18,666
can, you know,

2334
00:41:18,666 --> 00:41:19,750
like, and more

2335
00:41:19,750 --> 00:41:21,083
audience. But I

2336
00:41:21,083 --> 00:41:21,583
think like the

2337
00:41:21,583 --> 00:41:21,958
main thing that

2338
00:41:21,958 --> 00:41:22,708
we need to do is

2339
00:41:22,708 --> 00:41:23,708
like give more

2340
00:41:23,708 --> 00:41:25,083
visibility to

2341
00:41:25,083 --> 00:41:25,625
scientists,

2342
00:41:26,458 --> 00:41:27,125
because even

2343
00:41:27,125 --> 00:41:27,500
like, for

2344
00:41:27,500 --> 00:41:28,000
example, when

2345
00:41:28,000 --> 00:41:28,625
science want to

2346
00:41:28,625 --> 00:41:29,375
communicate, for

2347
00:41:29,375 --> 00:41:29,875
example, in the

2348
00:41:29,875 --> 00:41:30,875
past, when I was

2349
00:41:30,875 --> 00:41:31,333
working in the

2350
00:41:31,333 --> 00:41:32,750
unity, in the

2351
00:41:32,750 --> 00:41:33,125
university,

2352
00:41:33,375 --> 00:41:34,541
sorry, the way

2353
00:41:34,541 --> 00:41:35,208
that we do it,

2354
00:41:35,208 --> 00:41:35,916
for example, we

2355
00:41:35,916 --> 00:41:37,125
went to different

2356
00:41:37,125 --> 00:41:38,208
high secondary

2357
00:41:38,208 --> 00:41:39,166
school, you know,

2358
00:41:39,166 --> 00:41:39,958
people was in the

2359
00:41:39,958 --> 00:41:40,583
moment that they

2360
00:41:40,583 --> 00:41:41,250
need to,

2361
00:41:41,625 --> 00:41:42,041
that's very,

2362
00:41:42,041 --> 00:41:42,708
very, I really

2363
00:41:42,708 --> 00:41:43,333
like that when I

2364
00:41:43,333 --> 00:41:43,875
was working in

2365
00:41:43,875 --> 00:41:44,416
the unit, because

2366
00:41:44,416 --> 00:41:46,250
we go to give

2367
00:41:46,250 --> 00:41:46,958
talking, for

2368
00:41:46,958 --> 00:41:47,541
example, I made

2369
00:41:47,541 --> 00:41:48,208
that you are just

2370
00:41:48,208 --> 00:41:48,750
finishing, you

2371
00:41:48,750 --> 00:41:49,083
are doing

2372
00:41:49,083 --> 00:41:49,750
science, you

2373
00:41:49,750 --> 00:41:50,250
know, like

2374
00:41:50,250 --> 00:41:51,208
starting, and

2375
00:41:51,208 --> 00:41:51,541
you're starting

2376
00:41:51,541 --> 00:41:52,458
to see and say,

2377
00:41:52,458 --> 00:41:52,875
okay, what should

2378
00:41:52,875 --> 00:41:53,208
they do?

2379
00:41:54,291 --> 00:41:54,833
I am like

2380
00:41:54,833 --> 00:41:56,000
something that I

2381
00:41:56,000 --> 00:41:57,250
really feel like

2382
00:41:57,250 --> 00:41:58,208
fulfillment, like

2383
00:41:58,208 --> 00:41:59,458
with myself, for

2384
00:41:59,458 --> 00:42:00,125
example, when you

2385
00:42:00,125 --> 00:42:00,583
like, for

2386
00:42:00,583 --> 00:42:01,041
example, give

2387
00:42:01,041 --> 00:42:02,458
people, tell

2388
00:42:02,458 --> 00:42:03,500
people, okay, we

2389
00:42:03,500 --> 00:42:03,791
have this

2390
00:42:03,791 --> 00:42:04,458
organization, we

2391
00:42:04,458 --> 00:42:04,791
can do

2392
00:42:04,791 --> 00:42:05,583
that, you know,

2393
00:42:05,625 --> 00:42:07,541
it's a thing that

2394
00:42:07,541 --> 00:42:07,958
people say

2395
00:42:07,958 --> 00:42:08,791
starting to study

2396
00:42:08,791 --> 00:42:09,250
in this as

2397
00:42:09,250 --> 00:42:10,041
something that

2398
00:42:10,041 --> 00:42:12,291
change, you know,

2399
00:42:12,291 --> 00:42:12,583
like, see

2400
00:42:12,583 --> 00:42:13,125
something that

2401
00:42:13,125 --> 00:42:14,333
proves like a big

2402
00:42:14,333 --> 00:42:14,958
chain and to

2403
00:42:14,958 --> 00:42:16,166
that. But the

2404
00:42:16,166 --> 00:42:16,666
thing is like,

2405
00:42:16,666 --> 00:42:17,333
yes, I think that

2406
00:42:17,333 --> 00:42:17,833
the main problem

2407
00:42:17,833 --> 00:42:18,500
is like, we don't

2408
00:42:18,500 --> 00:42:19,291
have visibility,

2409
00:42:19,958 --> 00:42:21,083
we think like, we

2410
00:42:21,083 --> 00:42:21,500
need to do

2411
00:42:21,500 --> 00:42:22,500
something. But

2412
00:42:22,500 --> 00:42:23,750
thanks to people

2413
00:42:23,750 --> 00:42:25,125
like you, and

2414
00:42:25,125 --> 00:42:25,833
another like

2415
00:42:25,833 --> 00:42:26,833
entities like

2416
00:42:26,833 --> 00:42:29,000
give visibility

2417
00:42:29,000 --> 00:42:29,916
to science in

2418
00:42:29,916 --> 00:42:31,000
this interview,

2419
00:42:31,000 --> 00:42:31,541
for example, when

2420
00:42:31,541 --> 00:42:32,041
I saw your

2421
00:42:32,041 --> 00:42:32,583
pocket, I said

2422
00:42:32,583 --> 00:42:33,125
like, this is

2423
00:42:33,125 --> 00:42:34,208
like when this is

2424
00:42:34,208 --> 00:42:34,708
something that

2425
00:42:34,708 --> 00:42:35,583
should be like,

2426
00:42:36,250 --> 00:42:37,166
you know, even on

2427
00:42:37,166 --> 00:42:38,000
TV or something,

2428
00:42:38,000 --> 00:42:38,708
why don't you

2429
00:42:38,708 --> 00:42:39,416
know, the ocean

2430
00:42:39,416 --> 00:42:40,583
is like, but I'm

2431
00:42:40,583 --> 00:42:41,125
telling you,

2432
00:42:41,125 --> 00:42:41,625
Andrew, like with

2433
00:42:41,625 --> 00:42:42,083
the passion at

2434
00:42:42,083 --> 00:42:42,708
the time, we will

2435
00:42:42,708 --> 00:42:43,333
remember this

2436
00:42:43,333 --> 00:42:43,833
word, because

2437
00:42:43,833 --> 00:42:44,666
this will be like

2438
00:42:44,666 --> 00:42:45,666
a massive impact.

2439
00:42:46,166 --> 00:42:47,083
Because now, you

2440
00:42:47,083 --> 00:42:47,541
know, like this

2441
00:42:47,541 --> 00:42:48,083
thing that, for

2442
00:42:48,083 --> 00:42:48,666
example, I was

2443
00:42:48,666 --> 00:42:49,375
telling you about

2444
00:42:49,375 --> 00:42:50,416
the insulin, it's

2445
00:42:50,416 --> 00:42:50,958
something that we

2446
00:42:50,958 --> 00:42:51,625
just discovered,

2447
00:42:51,625 --> 00:42:52,500
and we will see,

2448
00:42:53,291 --> 00:42:54,166
we have a

2449
00:42:54,166 --> 00:42:55,916
schedule with the

2450
00:42:55,916 --> 00:42:56,666
BBC in order to

2451
00:42:56,666 --> 00:42:57,333
talk about this,

2452
00:42:57,916 --> 00:42:58,500
you will see like

2453
00:42:58,500 --> 00:42:58,791
when this

2454
00:42:58,791 --> 00:42:59,291
happened,

2455
00:43:00,083 --> 00:43:00,500
it's like when

2456
00:43:00,500 --> 00:43:01,166
people will be,

2457
00:43:01,166 --> 00:43:01,833
oh, they know

2458
00:43:01,833 --> 00:43:02,458
this organism

2459
00:43:02,458 --> 00:43:03,208
producing

2460
00:43:03,208 --> 00:43:04,000
insulin, because

2461
00:43:04,000 --> 00:43:04,583
I think we are

2462
00:43:04,583 --> 00:43:05,208
going to finish

2463
00:43:05,208 --> 00:43:05,833
with all of the

2464
00:43:05,833 --> 00:43:06,708
resource. And we

2465
00:43:06,708 --> 00:43:07,666
had this organism

2466
00:43:07,666 --> 00:43:08,708
that using the

2467
00:43:08,708 --> 00:43:09,750
CO2 on this and

2468
00:43:09,750 --> 00:43:10,458
will be like the

2469
00:43:10,458 --> 00:43:11,291
absolutely the

2470
00:43:11,291 --> 00:43:11,958
game changer.

2471
00:43:12,208 --> 00:43:12,583
I completely

2472
00:43:12,583 --> 00:43:14,208
agree. Jose, this

2473
00:43:14,208 --> 00:43:14,750
has been

2474
00:43:14,750 --> 00:43:15,458
absolutely

2475
00:43:15,458 --> 00:43:16,250
amazing to have

2476
00:43:16,250 --> 00:43:16,541
you on the

2477
00:43:16,541 --> 00:43:17,208
podcast and be

2478
00:43:17,208 --> 00:43:17,625
able to talk

2479
00:43:17,625 --> 00:43:18,208
about this talk

2480
00:43:18,208 --> 00:43:18,916
about microbes,

2481
00:43:18,916 --> 00:43:19,375
talk about your

2482
00:43:19,375 --> 00:43:20,083
work with

2483
00:43:20,083 --> 00:43:21,000
cyanobacteria, I

2484
00:43:21,000 --> 00:43:21,416
think it's such

2485
00:43:21,416 --> 00:43:22,333
an important

2486
00:43:22,333 --> 00:43:24,541
aspect to to the

2487
00:43:24,541 --> 00:43:25,208
work you do. And

2488
00:43:25,208 --> 00:43:25,583
I'd love to

2489
00:43:25,583 --> 00:43:26,083
invite you back

2490
00:43:26,083 --> 00:43:27,000
on to talk more

2491
00:43:27,000 --> 00:43:27,916
about some of the

2492
00:43:27,916 --> 00:43:28,458
work you do in

2493
00:43:28,458 --> 00:43:28,958
the future.

2494
00:43:29,708 --> 00:43:30,916
And we would we'd

2495
00:43:30,916 --> 00:43:31,458
love to hear more

2496
00:43:31,458 --> 00:43:31,958
about microbes

2497
00:43:31,958 --> 00:43:32,625
because we just

2498
00:43:32,625 --> 00:43:33,125
don't know enough

2499
00:43:33,125 --> 00:43:33,916
about microbes on

2500
00:43:33,916 --> 00:43:34,583
this podcast and

2501
00:43:34,583 --> 00:43:35,125
we need to know

2502
00:43:35,125 --> 00:43:37,000
more. So again,

2503
00:43:37,000 --> 00:43:37,500
Jose, thank you

2504
00:43:37,500 --> 00:43:38,000
so much for

2505
00:43:38,000 --> 00:43:38,541
joining us. We

2506
00:43:38,541 --> 00:43:39,208
really appreciate

2507
00:43:39,208 --> 00:43:40,500
it. And we'll

2508
00:43:40,500 --> 00:43:41,250
talk to you soon.

2509
00:43:41,250 --> 00:43:41,833
Absolutely. It

2510
00:43:41,833 --> 00:43:42,416
was a pleasure.

2511
00:43:42,875 --> 00:43:43,333
And thanks for

2512
00:43:43,333 --> 00:43:43,875
this opportunity.

2513
00:43:44,500 --> 00:43:45,625
And great job. And

2514
00:43:45,625 --> 00:43:46,000
congratulations

2515
00:43:46,000 --> 00:43:47,041
to you, Andrew,

2516
00:43:47,041 --> 00:43:47,875
for being this

2517
00:43:47,875 --> 00:43:49,458
really a work

2518
00:43:49,458 --> 00:43:51,166
because thanks to

2519
00:43:51,166 --> 00:43:52,166
boys like you,

2520
00:43:52,166 --> 00:43:53,708
like we are like

2521
00:43:53,708 --> 00:43:54,291
taking all of the

2522
00:43:54,291 --> 00:43:54,708
books of the

2523
00:43:54,708 --> 00:43:55,250
scientists and

2524
00:43:55,250 --> 00:43:56,000
amplifying this

2525
00:43:56,000 --> 00:43:57,250
is like the thing

2526
00:43:57,250 --> 00:43:58,375
that we are doing

2527
00:43:58,375 --> 00:43:59,000
the real

2528
00:43:59,000 --> 00:43:59,458
difference.

2529
00:43:59,500 --> 00:44:00,333
And the world. So

2530
00:44:00,333 --> 00:44:00,875
thank you for

2531
00:44:00,875 --> 00:44:02,000
this. You need to

2532
00:44:02,000 --> 00:44:02,875
be proud of that.

2533
00:44:02,875 --> 00:44:03,166
Well, thank you

2534
00:44:03,166 --> 00:44:04,250
very much. I do

2535
00:44:04,250 --> 00:44:05,208
appreciate it.

2536
00:44:05,208 --> 00:44:05,958
It's it's a lot

2537
00:44:05,958 --> 00:44:06,666
of hard work, as

2538
00:44:06,666 --> 00:44:07,583
you know, and

2539
00:44:07,583 --> 00:44:08,875
it's it, but it's

2540
00:44:08,875 --> 00:44:09,500
it's the reward

2541
00:44:09,500 --> 00:44:10,500
is worth it. And

2542
00:44:10,500 --> 00:44:11,833
so really happy

2543
00:44:11,833 --> 00:44:12,750
to say that,

2544
00:44:13,500 --> 00:44:13,833
yeah, we're

2545
00:44:13,833 --> 00:44:14,666
really happy that

2546
00:44:14,666 --> 00:44:16,666
this this is this

2547
00:44:16,666 --> 00:44:17,458
is being done. So

2548
00:44:17,458 --> 00:44:18,000
we appreciate it.

2549
00:44:18,000 --> 00:44:18,250
Thank you

2550
00:44:18,250 --> 00:44:18,541
so much.

2551
00:44:18,541 --> 00:44:19,666
Thank you. Was a

2552
00:44:19,666 --> 00:44:20,000
pleasure.

2553
00:44:20,208 --> 00:44:20,833
Thank you, Jose,

2554
00:44:20,833 --> 00:44:21,416
for joining us on

2555
00:44:21,416 --> 00:44:22,000
today's episode

2556
00:44:22,000 --> 00:44:22,541
of the how to

2557
00:44:22,541 --> 00:44:23,000
protect the ocean

2558
00:44:23,000 --> 00:44:23,541
podcast. It was

2559
00:44:23,541 --> 00:44:24,125
great to have you

2560
00:44:24,125 --> 00:44:25,666
on. Learn so much

2561
00:44:25,666 --> 00:44:26,666
today about and

2562
00:44:26,666 --> 00:44:27,291
just this week

2563
00:44:27,291 --> 00:44:28,333
about microbes,

2564
00:44:28,333 --> 00:44:29,500
you know, this is

2565
00:44:29,500 --> 00:44:30,458
a subject matter

2566
00:44:30,458 --> 00:44:31,333
that I was not as

2567
00:44:31,333 --> 00:44:32,000
familiar with.

2568
00:44:32,000 --> 00:44:32,666
But I'm bringing

2569
00:44:32,666 --> 00:44:33,625
it to you because

2570
00:44:33,625 --> 00:44:35,583
I wanted to teach

2571
00:44:35,583 --> 00:44:36,208
you something new

2572
00:44:36,208 --> 00:44:36,791
because this is

2573
00:44:36,791 --> 00:44:37,166
where you learn

2574
00:44:37,166 --> 00:44:37,875
about the ocean.

2575
00:44:37,916 --> 00:44:38,041
And it's

2576
00:44:38,041 --> 00:44:38,625
something that I

2577
00:44:38,625 --> 00:44:39,958
feel is important

2578
00:44:39,958 --> 00:44:40,916
that we learn all

2579
00:44:40,916 --> 00:44:41,750
aspects of the

2580
00:44:41,750 --> 00:44:42,291
ocean, not just

2581
00:44:42,291 --> 00:44:42,791
something that

2582
00:44:42,791 --> 00:44:43,375
I'm familiar

2583
00:44:43,375 --> 00:44:44,375
with. So going

2584
00:44:44,375 --> 00:44:45,000
outside my

2585
00:44:45,000 --> 00:44:45,541
comfort zone,

2586
00:44:45,541 --> 00:44:45,708
learning

2587
00:44:45,708 --> 00:44:46,333
something new,

2588
00:44:46,333 --> 00:44:47,208
just trying to be

2589
00:44:47,208 --> 00:44:48,041
curious and

2590
00:44:48,041 --> 00:44:48,666
seeing what we

2591
00:44:48,666 --> 00:44:50,083
can cover on this

2592
00:44:50,083 --> 00:44:50,583
podcast.

2593
00:44:50,583 --> 00:44:51,166
And Jose just

2594
00:44:51,166 --> 00:44:51,791
summed it up

2595
00:44:51,791 --> 00:44:52,875
nicely in terms

2596
00:44:52,875 --> 00:44:53,625
of bringing what

2597
00:44:53,625 --> 00:44:54,833
biotechnology is,

2598
00:44:55,125 --> 00:44:55,958
how we can use

2599
00:44:55,958 --> 00:44:56,875
microbes to help

2600
00:44:56,875 --> 00:44:57,666
us in our climate

2601
00:44:57,666 --> 00:44:58,291
solutions and

2602
00:44:58,291 --> 00:44:59,000
other solutions

2603
00:44:59,000 --> 00:44:59,875
and how important

2604
00:44:59,875 --> 00:45:00,500
sound of bacteria

2605
00:45:00,500 --> 00:45:01,666
is something that

2606
00:45:01,666 --> 00:45:02,166
I didn't know

2607
00:45:02,166 --> 00:45:02,583
when I first

2608
00:45:02,583 --> 00:45:03,000
started.

2609
00:45:03,041 --> 00:45:03,958
So it's great to

2610
00:45:03,958 --> 00:45:04,583
be able to learn

2611
00:45:04,583 --> 00:45:05,250
something new for

2612
00:45:05,250 --> 00:45:05,833
myself. I hope

2613
00:45:05,833 --> 00:45:06,166
you learn

2614
00:45:06,166 --> 00:45:07,250
something new as

2615
00:45:07,250 --> 00:45:07,750
well. And I'm

2616
00:45:07,750 --> 00:45:07,958
going to put

2617
00:45:07,958 --> 00:45:09,416
links to Jose so

2618
00:45:09,416 --> 00:45:09,875
you can get

2619
00:45:09,875 --> 00:45:12,083
access to him in

2620
00:45:12,083 --> 00:45:12,750
a future date.

2621
00:45:13,000 --> 00:45:13,416
And of course, if

2622
00:45:13,416 --> 00:45:13,791
you have any

2623
00:45:13,791 --> 00:45:14,291
feedback or

2624
00:45:14,291 --> 00:45:15,250
questions, love

2625
00:45:15,250 --> 00:45:16,416
to hear you love

2626
00:45:16,416 --> 00:45:17,375
to hear from you.

2627
00:45:17,375 --> 00:45:17,958
Just go to speak

2628
00:45:17,958 --> 00:45:19,041
up for blue.com

2629
00:45:19,041 --> 00:45:20,125
forward slash

2630
00:45:20,125 --> 00:45:21,125
feedback that

2631
00:45:21,125 --> 00:45:22,041
speak up for

2632
00:45:22,041 --> 00:45:23,500
blue.com forward

2633
00:45:23,500 --> 00:45:24,583
slash feedback. I

2634
00:45:24,583 --> 00:45:25,500
want to hear your

2635
00:45:25,500 --> 00:45:26,041
feedback either

2636
00:45:26,041 --> 00:45:26,833
in a voicemail or

2637
00:45:26,833 --> 00:45:27,583
just type it out.

2638
00:45:27,875 --> 00:45:28,291
I'd love to hear

2639
00:45:28,291 --> 00:45:28,875
your questions,

2640
00:45:29,083 --> 00:45:29,416
comments,

2641
00:45:29,416 --> 00:45:29,666
concerns,

2642
00:45:29,666 --> 00:45:30,375
whatever that

2643
00:45:30,375 --> 00:45:31,000
might be.

2644
00:45:31,208 --> 00:45:32,291
Just hit me up.

2645
00:45:32,583 --> 00:45:33,125
And of course, if

2646
00:45:33,125 --> 00:45:34,125
you want more of

2647
00:45:34,125 --> 00:45:34,625
this type of

2648
00:45:34,625 --> 00:45:35,625
information, just

2649
00:45:35,625 --> 00:45:36,166
hit that follow

2650
00:45:36,166 --> 00:45:36,791
button so you

2651
00:45:36,791 --> 00:45:37,208
don't miss

2652
00:45:37,208 --> 00:45:38,375
Monday's episode,

2653
00:45:38,875 --> 00:45:39,625
which is gonna be

2654
00:45:39,625 --> 00:45:40,041
a lot of fun.

2655
00:45:40,041 --> 00:45:40,375
We're gonna be

2656
00:45:40,375 --> 00:45:40,875
talking about

2657
00:45:40,875 --> 00:45:41,750
fisheries next

2658
00:45:41,750 --> 00:45:42,375
week. So it's

2659
00:45:42,375 --> 00:45:43,416
gonna be a lot of

2660
00:45:43,416 --> 00:45:44,541
fun. So I want to

2661
00:45:44,541 --> 00:45:45,333
thank you so much

2662
00:45:45,333 --> 00:45:46,291
for joining me on

2663
00:45:46,291 --> 00:45:46,875
today's episode

2664
00:45:46,875 --> 00:45:47,500
of the How to

2665
00:45:47,500 --> 00:45:48,041
Protect the Ocean

2666
00:45:48,041 --> 00:45:49,000
podcast. Have a

2667
00:45:49,000 --> 00:45:49,500
great day. We'll

2668
00:45:49,500 --> 00:45:50,000
talk to you next

2669
00:45:50,000 --> 00:45:51,000
time and happy

2670
00:45:51,000 --> 00:45:51,375
conservation.