Why the Tuna on Your Plate Didn’t Run Out

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What if fisheries didn't rely on

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last-minute political negotiations?

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What if we already knew exactly how much

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fish could be caught

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before the season even started?

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No guesswork, no

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lobbying battles, no delays.

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Just science, rules,

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and then of course action.

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That's what harvest

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strategies are designed to do.

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And they're one of the biggest reasons

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why we saw such an

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important result come to fruition

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in the tuna fishing industry this year.

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We're going to talk more about that on

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Friday with the International Seafood

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Sustainability

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Foundation's President Susan Jackson.

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She's going to talk about their latest

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state of the stock report.

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But in the meantime, we're going to go

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over harvest strategies and why they

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played such an important role.

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This is the How to

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Protect the Ocean podcast.

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Your weekday ocean news update.

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If you care about staying informed on the

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ocean every weekday, hit that follow

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And we will be able to you will be able

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to hear tomorrow's

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story in the day after.

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And of course Friday's

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episode is going to be a lot of fun.

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So make sure you hit that episode.

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Make sure you hit that

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follow button for a long time.

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Fisheries management followed a

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predictable pattern.

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Scientists would run stock assessments

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and say, hey, we need to reduce fishing.

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But the governments would meet, negotiate

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and often compromise.

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Not based on science, based on politics.

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And to be honest, I hate to say it.

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It still happens today.

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And you know, that led and it continues

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to lead to problems.

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And at one point, only 66 percent of the

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tuna catch came from stocks not

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experiencing overfishing.

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So the system existed, but it wasn't

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working fast enough.

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And that gap between science and decision

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making is exactly what harvest strategies

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were designed to fix.

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Now, one thing that's that's interesting

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when you look at the cod fisheries just

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to compare fishery, the collapse of the

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cod fishery in the early 1990s didn't

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just happen in the 1990s.

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It started to happen 15 years before that

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or even before that.

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But within those the 70s and 80s, we had

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stock assessments done every year.

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And we knew scientists, new government

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scientists were saying, hey, by the way,

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this stock is not doing very well.

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You know, Haddock and Halibut weren't

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doing very well either. And they started

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to decline and they were declining pretty

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fast until the early 1990s when fishing

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experts and scientists were like, you

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know what, we can't fish this anymore.

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We're going to have to close the fishery.

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And that led to a huge uproar in

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Newfoundland and other areas and other

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provinces in Canada that fully, full

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fledgedly relied on cod fishery.

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Right. That was their big thing. After

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that, their families, the next

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generations had to switch

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industries and do something else.

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A lot of them went into the oil and gas

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industry, not an industry

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that they wanted to go into.

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They want to go into the fisheries

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industry, but they were led to believe

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that everything was fine.

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Maybe a little bit of pressure from the

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fisheries unions and so forth.

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But it just those political decisions

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just didn't help in any kind of way. So

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to make sure that management is done

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properly, harvest strategies in the tuna

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fishing industry have been

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put into place. So what is a harvest

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strategy? It's a simple concept.

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Essentially what it is, it's a pre-age

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set of rules. Instead of negotiating

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every year, managers decide in advance.

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If the fish stock is healthy, we can

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increase the catch. If the stock

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declines, we reduce the catch. If it

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drops too low, strict limits are kicked

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in. So based on these rules, there are

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certain actions that the fisheries

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management can take.

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Instead of debating what to do, the

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system already knows what to do because

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they follow science as the guide.

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Imagine if the science says and continues

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to say that the cod fishery is not doing

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very well. Not as well as we think. Right

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now, present day in Canada, the cod

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fishery is not doing well.

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So the scientists come out and say, hey,

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you know what, it grew but it didn't grow

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significantly. Actually, one year it

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stayed the same. So what do we do? We

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should stop. We shouldn't increase the

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quota. We should probably reduce it a

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little bit because we know that it's

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going to start declining

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if we continue at this rate.

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And then the government turns around and

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goes and negotiates and says, hey, you

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know what? We're actually going to

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increase. We're going to allow offshore

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cod stocks to be fished. Well, that

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doesn't make sense, right? Now you're

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laying offshore boats to fish cod. You're

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going to start to see a decrease because

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the science is saying that it's not going

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to increase anytime soon. It could

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decrease with the fishing pressure that

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we have now. If they follow the harvest

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strategies, if the stock starts to

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decline or stays the same, then the

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limits don't change. They don't add

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another fishery on top of that. So they're going to increase.

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So it's basically looking at the set of

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rules, right? It's a very simple process.

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And the thing is, it works. You know,

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harvest strategies work because they

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change the system in three big ways.

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First, they remove politics out of it,

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which makes it so, so, so much easier.

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Second, they respond faster because they

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know what action to take.

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They already, it's already predetermined.

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And third, they rely on data, like actual

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scientific data. They go out and observe,

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they collect the data, field data, they

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do it with the proper methods, and then

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they act on what the

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data tells them to do.

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Now, today, we're starting to see that

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success, which we're going to talk about

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on Friday with Susan Jackson. And it's,

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it's not a small improvement. It's a

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huge, huge improvement. It's really a

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system level shift. That's the, that's

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the big thing that you're going to hear

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on Friday. And I think it's,

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I think it's really important.

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This type of harvest strategy, it just

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doesn't come out out of thin air, right?

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Just didn't happen because one

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organization, it happened because an

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alignment across an entire system. So the

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International Seafood Sustainability

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Foundation helped fund and

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improve stock assessments.

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They brought industry data into the

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science models. They push for science

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based decisions and the United Voices

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across the supply chain. That's a huge

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thing to do. Not many people have been

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able to do that in the past. To be able

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to come forward with that,

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and I mean, ISSF is in itself, you know,

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supported and represented by the supply

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chain, not the Fishers, but the supply

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chain. And there's science scientists

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involved. There's policymakers involved.

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There's a whole bunch of people,

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industry, industry exacts and so forth

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involved. It's a, it's a big deal. And to

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be able to put all that information, put

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all of that effort into making the system

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better and to shift like this and to get

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to results that we're going to discuss on Friday.

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I think is even better. So even companies

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that like share detailed purchase data,

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which you never get to improve

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assessment. That's a huge, huge deal

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because better data leads to better

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management, especially when you have

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these harvest strategies in place, right?

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So another major driver was market

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pressure. So the Marine Stewardship

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Council certification process requires

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that they have harvest strategies and

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their science based management. So fisheries that are available, they're available.

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So fisheries that wanted certification

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had to adapt. So and they did in 2012

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100,000 tons of tuna were certified today

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2.5 million tons, about half of the

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global catch is certified. That's a huge

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shift, right? Not in a lot of like in a

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very small amount of time, especially

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when you consider how things have changed

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over the years and over

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the decades with fisheries.

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So it shows that markets can actually

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drive conservation, just like we talked

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about last week with businesses, right?

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How they can scale and how they can move

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things faster. But fishers weren't just

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out of the process. They were also

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included in the process and and they are

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not separate from this story.

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You know, they're actually central to it.

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So they pushed for certification. They

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advocated to governments and they change

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practices on the water because at the end

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of the day, if nothing changes at sea,

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nothing changes at all.

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And eventually we're going to start to

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see the extirpation or even extinction of

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tuna because of fisheries. We do not want

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tuna to be overfished by any means.

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So this is bigger than than just tuna,

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though. Harvest strategies prove

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something important. Fisheries can

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recover, systems can improve and

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collaboration works. It's

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really what it comes down to.

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But only if science is followed, rules

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are clear and accountability exists. This

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is what real ocean protection looks like.

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It's about collaboration, science and

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action. That's what it

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really comes down to.

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And I love this process. I wish we could

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see it more because we're not finished,

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right? Some of the gaps that we see

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within this. These harvest strategies

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remain like not all stocks have fully

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implemented harvest strategy.

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So we need to make sure that the tuna

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fishing stocks have that monitoring and

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compliance need improvement technology

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like electronic monitoring is underused

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and climate change is

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reshaping ecosystems.

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The next milestone is clear. 100% of the

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tuna stocks must have fully tested

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harvest strategies. So all the rules need

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to be put in place. All the actions need

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to be put in place depending on what the

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results are from the scientific data. So

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not just planned, it

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has to be working 100%.

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Harvest strategies turn fisheries

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management from reactive into proactive.

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And that is a huge mind shift for a lot

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of fisheries. It removes all the

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guesswork, right? They reduce conflict.

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And when applied properly, they work at

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bringing back fisheries. It works. We've

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seen it in a bunch of different tuna

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fisheries where we're going to talk about

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on Friday. It's such an important aspect.

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So I want you to really think about what

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harvest rates are because you know, a lot

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of times if I say harvest strategies are

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important, you probably like how does

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this actually matter if you want tuna to

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continue and you want

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other fish to continue.

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Harvest strategy should be in every

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fishery, every wild fishery harvest

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should be in whether it's ocean or

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freshwater. I strongly believe that rules

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should be put in place. It should be

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guided by science and it should be bought

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in by every part of the process.

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And we're seeing it here where

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organizations are coming together,

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industries coming together, scientists

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are coming together under one umbrella to

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work together. And the guidance is

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provided by the International Seafood

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Sustainability Foundation, which we love

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to have that. We're going to hear more

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about that in on Friday in two days from

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Susan Jackson, who's the president of

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ISSF. She's going to be talking about the

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big result that they got, but also about

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harvest strategies,

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stock assessments and more.

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So if you don't want to miss that

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episode, hit the follow button right now

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or come back on Friday or come back

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tomorrow because we're going to be

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talking about more fun

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stuff about tuna stocks.

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And it's going to be important. It's

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always important. It's always important

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to you, especially if you like seafood.

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So hit that follow button. I want to

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thank you for joining me on today's

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episode of the How to Protect the Ocean

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podcast. I'm your host, Andrew Lewin.

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Have a great day. We'll talk to you

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tomorrow and happy conservation.