Right whale baby boom: The fragile hope that could decide the future of a species

1
00:00:00,049 --> 00:00:03,193
Alright folks, I have some
fantastic news for you.

2
00:00:03,299 --> 00:00:04,740
21. That's right.

3
00:00:04,770 --> 00:00:11,729
21 North Atlantic right whale calves
have been born so far in this season.

4
00:00:11,829 --> 00:00:16,896
This is the highest number for several
years and we are seeing a huge turnaround

5
00:00:16,896 --> 00:00:20,341
or maybe potentially, possibly the
beginning of a huge turnaround, but

6
00:00:20,341 --> 00:00:23,881
we're not anywhere close to increasing
to the point where we need to.

7
00:00:23,881 --> 00:00:28,111
But this is actually a big turning
point for a fragile species.

8
00:00:28,208 --> 00:00:30,848
But like I said, at the end of this,
I'm gonna tell you why we're not out

9
00:00:30,848 --> 00:00:33,338
of the woods yet, but we're gonna
talk about on today's episode of the

10
00:00:33,338 --> 00:00:34,621
How to Protect the Ocean Podcast.

11
00:00:34,735 --> 00:00:35,665
Let's start the show.

12
00:00:38,445 --> 00:00:38,925
Hey everybody.

13
00:00:38,925 --> 00:00:42,015
Welcome back to another exciting episode
of the How to Protect the Ocean Podcast.

14
00:00:42,015 --> 00:00:45,225
I'm your host, Andrew Lewin, Marine
biologist and science communicator

15
00:00:45,225 --> 00:00:47,955
here to tell you what's happening with
the ocean, how you can speak up for

16
00:00:47,955 --> 00:00:52,185
the ocean, and what you can do to live
for a better ocean by taking action.

17
00:00:52,215 --> 00:00:53,295
And I'll be honest guys.

18
00:00:53,556 --> 00:00:54,793
I'm not feeling the best today.

19
00:00:54,906 --> 00:00:57,995
I think I finally succumbed to a
cold, maybe a little bit of a flu.

20
00:00:58,105 --> 00:01:01,285
I'm doing this because not only is
it great news, but we need to put an

21
00:01:01,285 --> 00:01:04,525
episode out and I don't want you to
go a day of the three days of the

22
00:01:04,525 --> 00:01:06,235
week that I post without an episode.

23
00:01:06,338 --> 00:01:10,148
So I'm putting this episode out,
so excuse if my voice starts to go.

24
00:01:10,251 --> 00:01:12,501
But I was at a hockey
tournament this past weekend.

25
00:01:12,605 --> 00:01:14,738
My voice started to go,
then I started to get sick.

26
00:01:14,845 --> 00:01:17,431
So I apologize, but this is great news.

27
00:01:17,461 --> 00:01:20,701
The North Atlantic white whale,
a critically endangered species,

28
00:01:20,701 --> 00:01:23,654
has had 21 calves so far.

29
00:01:23,761 --> 00:01:27,394
Now for a species with only
about 360 individuals remaining,

30
00:01:27,444 --> 00:01:29,971
every calf that's born matters.

31
00:01:30,078 --> 00:01:34,188
So the question remains, is this a turning
point or is this a fragile moment of hope?

32
00:01:34,408 --> 00:01:39,594
This is a very interesting and
positive outlook on what we're seeing

33
00:01:39,594 --> 00:01:41,334
for a critically endangered species.

34
00:01:41,441 --> 00:01:46,199
It's a species where the number
of calves actually outweigh sort

35
00:01:46,199 --> 00:01:47,609
of the population replacement.

36
00:01:47,769 --> 00:01:50,259
Every year, if you think about it,
there are a number of calves that

37
00:01:50,259 --> 00:01:53,289
will pass away just because of old
age or something that happened.

38
00:01:53,289 --> 00:01:56,386
So with North Atlantic, right
whales, you end up seeing, you know,

39
00:01:56,386 --> 00:01:57,856
just from old age, they pass away.

40
00:01:57,963 --> 00:02:00,063
You see it from entanglement
in fishing gear.

41
00:02:00,063 --> 00:02:03,363
They pass away or ship strikes they pass
away, which are the two that we're trying

42
00:02:03,363 --> 00:02:07,279
to control the most to make sure that
they don't pass away from those things.

43
00:02:07,379 --> 00:02:11,813
But 21 calves actually helps
replace more than any of the lost

44
00:02:11,873 --> 00:02:14,963
animals that we saw, or individuals
that we saw in the previous year.

45
00:02:14,963 --> 00:02:16,413
So this is great to see that.

46
00:02:16,519 --> 00:02:19,549
Now the calving season runs
roughly November through April.

47
00:02:19,549 --> 00:02:21,559
This is only the beginning of February.

48
00:02:21,673 --> 00:02:24,316
There's still time to get more
calves or be able to discover

49
00:02:24,316 --> 00:02:25,636
more calves that are being born.

50
00:02:25,746 --> 00:02:28,686
Recent years saw fewer than 10
calves that were born and some

51
00:02:28,686 --> 00:02:31,086
years as low as zero calves born.

52
00:02:31,196 --> 00:02:34,646
So each calf represents a
measurable population boost,

53
00:02:34,826 --> 00:02:36,379
not just a symbol of hope.

54
00:02:36,486 --> 00:02:40,196
Every year, you're probably wondering
how these animals get discovered.

55
00:02:40,296 --> 00:02:41,016
It's very difficult.

56
00:02:41,016 --> 00:02:42,996
You don't actually see the
births a lot of the times.

57
00:02:43,103 --> 00:02:45,173
You're very lucky if
you are even to see it.

58
00:02:45,173 --> 00:02:47,913
I don't even know, to be honest,
if a North Atlantic right whale

59
00:02:47,913 --> 00:02:50,043
birth has been witnessed in person.

60
00:02:50,146 --> 00:02:52,756
It's a very difficult thing to see
'cause they might do it underwater.

61
00:02:53,154 --> 00:02:54,954
They'll probably go down
below over the surface.

62
00:02:54,954 --> 00:02:57,204
They may not do it at the surface,
but eventually they wanna do it

63
00:02:57,204 --> 00:03:00,058
close 'cause they want to get that
calf up to the surface and help

64
00:03:00,058 --> 00:03:01,258
it breathe for the first time.

65
00:03:01,368 --> 00:03:02,478
It's very difficult to see.

66
00:03:02,478 --> 00:03:06,078
But when you see the calfs born is
usually when you start to see them

67
00:03:06,078 --> 00:03:08,658
as they migrate north or even south.

68
00:03:09,063 --> 00:03:11,613
In this case, because it's winters,
they're probably migrating a little

69
00:03:11,613 --> 00:03:14,913
bit south and you start to see
them in their calving area, usually

70
00:03:14,913 --> 00:03:16,473
around Jacksonville, Florida.

71
00:03:16,586 --> 00:03:20,186
And so you'll see aerial surveys
off the southeastern United

72
00:03:20,186 --> 00:03:23,379
States, photo identification
of mother and calves, long-term

73
00:03:23,379 --> 00:03:25,119
individual whale tracking will happen.

74
00:03:25,219 --> 00:03:28,459
And this is kind of interesting
because the population is so low,

75
00:03:28,459 --> 00:03:30,769
360 individuals in and around there.

76
00:03:30,969 --> 00:03:32,856
We tend to know each and every whale.

77
00:03:32,969 --> 00:03:37,836
You can identify them by scars or any
kind of unique formations on their body.

78
00:03:37,949 --> 00:03:41,609
When you have a population of individuals
that's critically endangered, you only

79
00:03:41,609 --> 00:03:44,073
have about 360 in and around individuals.

80
00:03:44,179 --> 00:03:46,219
You tend to know each
and every individual.

81
00:03:46,326 --> 00:03:48,116
There have been aerial surveys.

82
00:03:48,121 --> 00:03:51,691
There've been photo identifications,
long-term individual whale tracking

83
00:03:51,691 --> 00:03:56,191
because they're able to identify
unique markings, whether they're

84
00:03:56,191 --> 00:03:59,851
scars of anything, whether it be
from entanglement or just maybe it

85
00:03:59,851 --> 00:04:01,201
be from just living in the ocean.

86
00:04:01,201 --> 00:04:02,401
It can be rough in the ocean.

87
00:04:02,511 --> 00:04:04,341
You be able to identify them.

88
00:04:04,444 --> 00:04:07,384
People who are taking photographs from
aerial photos, people who are taking

89
00:04:07,384 --> 00:04:09,034
photographs from boats, from land.

90
00:04:09,141 --> 00:04:12,111
And so what you're able to identify them
area, they'll piece it all together.

91
00:04:12,214 --> 00:04:16,924
And when you do these types of aerial
surveys or from boats or even from land,

92
00:04:17,058 --> 00:04:20,628
you're able to see individuals
pop up and new individuals pop up.

93
00:04:20,728 --> 00:04:24,208
These little calves that are small-ish
compared to the rest of the North

94
00:04:24,208 --> 00:04:25,461
Atlantic right whale, the adults.

95
00:04:25,564 --> 00:04:28,844
And so you're able to see the mothers
kind of look after those calves.

96
00:04:28,951 --> 00:04:30,961
When you see one pop up,
you're like, oh, this is new.

97
00:04:31,021 --> 00:04:33,491
We haven't seen this calf before,
because there's a database.

98
00:04:33,604 --> 00:04:36,934
And so when you put those pictures in
the database, they just rifle through.

99
00:04:36,934 --> 00:04:39,098
Identify and line up the unique markings.

100
00:04:39,211 --> 00:04:42,871
There's programs that look up and
predict which of these animals they are.

101
00:04:42,981 --> 00:04:46,701
They attach 'em to either a number or a
name or both, and they're able to say,

102
00:04:46,701 --> 00:04:50,241
Hey, this individual's here and this
mother is now a mother for the first time

103
00:04:50,241 --> 00:04:53,251
or the third time or the fourth time,
and they're able to go back and forth

104
00:04:53,251 --> 00:04:54,781
and look at that, which is pretty cool.

105
00:04:54,993 --> 00:04:58,773
So the interesting part about
all of this is that more calves

106
00:04:58,773 --> 00:05:00,213
are being born obviously.

107
00:05:00,323 --> 00:05:04,823
But that means the mothers are
probably healthier than before.

108
00:05:04,823 --> 00:05:09,298
Even the fathers to be able to
create these beautiful calves, they

109
00:05:09,298 --> 00:05:12,178
have to be in a particular manner
where they have to be healthy.

110
00:05:12,281 --> 00:05:13,721
They have to be well fed.

111
00:05:13,831 --> 00:05:16,321
They can't be tired from
swimming all this time.

112
00:05:16,428 --> 00:05:20,414
They have to be in a pretty good body
condition to feel like reproducing.

113
00:05:20,514 --> 00:05:23,514
And the fact that they're doing this
indicates that there's some potential

114
00:05:23,514 --> 00:05:27,244
short-term success of protections,
like these protections are working.

115
00:05:27,348 --> 00:05:29,868
So the fact that there are
slowing down vessels in and around

116
00:05:29,868 --> 00:05:31,188
certain areas like the Gulf of St.

117
00:05:31,188 --> 00:05:34,668
Lawrence up in Canada and even
down south in the US where there

118
00:05:34,668 --> 00:05:37,278
are natural ranges and now they're
going into the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

119
00:05:37,278 --> 00:05:39,468
With climate change, it's getting
warmer so they can go more

120
00:05:39,468 --> 00:05:40,818
north than they normally do.

121
00:05:40,914 --> 00:05:45,099
And so you're seeing, you know, changes
during seasons when they're around

122
00:05:45,458 --> 00:05:48,638
and you're starting to see some
success in that where these animals

123
00:05:48,638 --> 00:05:50,378
are not damaged, they're not hurt.

124
00:05:50,488 --> 00:05:53,248
They're able to actually be
healthy enough to reproduce.

125
00:05:53,248 --> 00:05:54,718
So you're starting to see more and more.

126
00:05:54,808 --> 00:05:57,508
A couple years ago, like even last
year and the year before, the year

127
00:05:57,508 --> 00:06:01,408
before that, we started to see some
increases in calves, but we were still

128
00:06:01,408 --> 00:06:03,688
fairly cautiously optimistic about it.

129
00:06:03,791 --> 00:06:04,661
And same with this.

130
00:06:04,661 --> 00:06:06,831
We saw a big rise in the number this year.

131
00:06:06,941 --> 00:06:11,261
Still cautiously optimistic 'cause we
just don't know if this is just a one-off

132
00:06:11,261 --> 00:06:14,681
or if this is the start of potentially
a new thing where we're starting

133
00:06:14,681 --> 00:06:16,421
to see the recovery of this animal.

134
00:06:16,421 --> 00:06:19,871
So this is hope, but it's not recovery.

135
00:06:20,321 --> 00:06:21,081
I'm gonna say it again.

136
00:06:21,321 --> 00:06:25,433
This is hopeful but it's not
signs of recovery just yet.

137
00:06:25,433 --> 00:06:30,673
If we start to see a number of years
put together, 2, 3, 4, 5, then we're

138
00:06:30,673 --> 00:06:32,053
gonna start to say, Hey, you know what?

139
00:06:32,153 --> 00:06:33,506
We have some recovery happening.

140
00:06:33,619 --> 00:06:35,089
And now that'll be really great news.

141
00:06:35,089 --> 00:06:36,649
I hope we get to that point.

142
00:06:36,756 --> 00:06:38,466
I just don't know if it's gonna happen.

143
00:06:38,563 --> 00:06:40,813
We still have some major threats.

144
00:06:41,111 --> 00:06:43,991
I wanna bring back the
reality of the situation.

145
00:06:43,991 --> 00:06:47,321
There are ship strikes where these
animals, as they migrate and feed

146
00:06:47,321 --> 00:06:50,501
in busy shipping lanes, there's
certain times of the year where these

147
00:06:50,501 --> 00:06:52,151
animals are in these shipping lanes.

148
00:06:52,264 --> 00:06:55,808
And they could be busy times, you
know, for those transport ships, right?

149
00:06:55,908 --> 00:07:00,348
As they go across, these animals tend not
to get outta the way very quickly, and

150
00:07:00,348 --> 00:07:04,218
they're very hard to see because they'll
stay just below the surface of the ocean.

151
00:07:04,469 --> 00:07:05,579
And they'll just kind of hover there.

152
00:07:05,689 --> 00:07:08,666
They don't come up often for air and
they're just kind of coming and they

153
00:07:08,666 --> 00:07:12,116
staying just below the surface where
they're more vulnerable to getting hit.

154
00:07:12,226 --> 00:07:16,763
So ship strikes and collisions are
often a result in fatal injuries.

155
00:07:16,856 --> 00:07:19,316
And so to see less of those is great,

156
00:07:19,316 --> 00:07:21,986
like just showing by the fact
that we have a healthier adult.

157
00:07:22,136 --> 00:07:23,726
But it doesn't mean it's gonna stop.

158
00:07:23,829 --> 00:07:24,699
That's a big problem.

159
00:07:24,729 --> 00:07:26,739
And of course we have
fishing gear entanglement.

160
00:07:26,836 --> 00:07:30,586
So fishing gear entanglement happens when
you have these lobster pots or crab pots.

161
00:07:30,683 --> 00:07:33,473
They're down at the bottom of the
ocean, but there's a line that

162
00:07:33,473 --> 00:07:36,943
goes up to buoys that are at the
surface so that the fishermen can

163
00:07:36,943 --> 00:07:38,593
come back and grab those buoys.

164
00:07:38,593 --> 00:07:39,703
So those fishers will come back.

165
00:07:39,809 --> 00:07:42,599
They'll use those buoys, they'll grab
it, they'll pull up the crab pots or

166
00:07:42,599 --> 00:07:45,513
lobster pots, and then they'll take
whatever they caught outta there.

167
00:07:45,613 --> 00:07:48,613
Unfortunately, when those lines are
going through, these whales can't really

168
00:07:48,613 --> 00:07:52,033
see the lines, you know, the actual
fishing lines or the lines that prop

169
00:07:52,033 --> 00:07:55,423
up the buoys and keep the buoys up
straight, or keep the buoys attached

170
00:07:55,423 --> 00:07:57,289
to the crab pots or the lobster pots.

171
00:07:57,399 --> 00:07:59,799
The whales will actually swim
through and they'll get caught.

172
00:07:59,799 --> 00:08:04,059
They'll get caught between theyre flipper
and like just inside their pectoral fin.

173
00:08:04,166 --> 00:08:05,996
And so they'll get it caught
there and it'll just keep going.

174
00:08:05,996 --> 00:08:08,159
And what happens is that line
will actually cut through.

175
00:08:08,256 --> 00:08:10,026
As they're moving through the water,

176
00:08:10,026 --> 00:08:13,566
it's causing friction and it's causing
like the buoy and the crab put on

177
00:08:13,566 --> 00:08:15,696
the each side to be dragged around.

178
00:08:15,806 --> 00:08:20,723
That line will kind of sever into
the pectoral fin causing infection

179
00:08:20,723 --> 00:08:23,713
and it's hard to recover when
you can't get it cleaned, you

180
00:08:23,713 --> 00:08:25,423
can't bandage it up, obviously.

181
00:08:25,533 --> 00:08:28,293
And so animals can die
from those types of wounds.

182
00:08:28,399 --> 00:08:29,659
So we see this happen all the time.

183
00:08:29,659 --> 00:08:32,876
In fact, unfortunately a
4-year-old whale passed away.

184
00:08:32,979 --> 00:08:35,589
It was, you know, very hopeful
that it was gonna do well.

185
00:08:35,709 --> 00:08:38,229
But it wasn't the first time
that it had been entangled.

186
00:08:38,229 --> 00:08:40,239
I think it was like the third
or fourth time that had been

187
00:08:40,239 --> 00:08:41,919
entangled in his four year life.

188
00:08:42,016 --> 00:08:46,219
Because it died of that, we're still
seeing problems with entanglement, and

189
00:08:46,219 --> 00:08:50,059
we're gonna see problems with entanglement
until we get rid of these types of fishing

190
00:08:50,059 --> 00:08:52,159
pots where they need a line and a buoy.

191
00:08:52,266 --> 00:08:54,156
We're working on solutions for that.

192
00:08:54,461 --> 00:08:56,711
There's a lot of fisheries that
are going through experimental

193
00:08:56,711 --> 00:08:58,241
fisheries where there's no line.

194
00:08:58,241 --> 00:09:02,201
It's just like you press a button and
these balloons pop up and the crab pots

195
00:09:02,201 --> 00:09:05,224
or lobster pots will just float to the
top and they have to go and retrieve them.

196
00:09:05,331 --> 00:09:07,971
They're not perfect technology
yet, but they're working better

197
00:09:07,971 --> 00:09:09,504
than originally expected.

198
00:09:09,614 --> 00:09:12,464
It's better than it was and it's
gonna be better in the future,

199
00:09:12,464 --> 00:09:16,248
but we're still seeing loss of
animals life because of this.

200
00:09:16,348 --> 00:09:19,078
The human cause there response
to is still the vast majority

201
00:09:19,078 --> 00:09:20,638
of the known right whale deaths.

202
00:09:20,638 --> 00:09:23,668
Not just natural causes or
beaching 'cause of a mystery.

203
00:09:23,768 --> 00:09:26,948
It's usually just because of
these two things, ship strikes

204
00:09:26,948 --> 00:09:28,778
and fishing gear entanglement.

205
00:09:28,986 --> 00:09:33,726
So the fact that we're seeing solutions
in slowing down ships so that it gives

206
00:09:33,726 --> 00:09:36,846
a chance of the whales to move or it
gives a chance for the ships to react

207
00:09:36,846 --> 00:09:40,416
if they do see this whale, even though
it's difficult to see that is helping.

208
00:09:40,526 --> 00:09:43,496
If they slow down from 20 knots
to 10 knots, that's shown to

209
00:09:43,496 --> 00:09:44,656
help, which is really great.

210
00:09:44,753 --> 00:09:47,739
Also, like I said, the ropeless
fishing gear really helps.

211
00:09:47,836 --> 00:09:50,836
We've seen increased cooperation
between Canada and US agencies.

212
00:09:50,836 --> 00:09:53,506
I know that's difficult to think
about at this point, but we're also

213
00:09:53,506 --> 00:09:55,109
seeing that, which is really great.

214
00:09:55,223 --> 00:09:57,983
And then we're also seeing real
time whale alert systems for

215
00:09:57,983 --> 00:09:59,648
mariners happen at buoy systems.

216
00:09:59,648 --> 00:10:03,353
So we know when these whales are in the
area, they're able to alert different

217
00:10:03,353 --> 00:10:04,553
ships that there's whales in the area.

218
00:10:04,553 --> 00:10:05,573
They can slow down.

219
00:10:05,683 --> 00:10:06,476
And so that's great.

220
00:10:06,536 --> 00:10:11,379
So adoption is growing but it's not
universal and it's not fast enough.

221
00:10:11,479 --> 00:10:16,169
So what you need quicker experiments
happening, more starting to use ropeless

222
00:10:16,189 --> 00:10:19,879
gear, starting to slow down ships
like voluntarily from transport

223
00:10:19,879 --> 00:10:21,919
ships, not just making them do it.

224
00:10:22,019 --> 00:10:24,899
And then of course enforcement is
gonna be huge when it comes to that.

225
00:10:24,899 --> 00:10:27,689
So there's been a lot of progress in that.

226
00:10:27,796 --> 00:10:32,386
And look, fishermen and fishing
communities are working with scientists

227
00:10:32,386 --> 00:10:34,096
to help, which is great to see.

228
00:10:34,196 --> 00:10:36,326
And you see some shipping
industry working as well 'cause

229
00:10:36,326 --> 00:10:37,466
they don't want to hurt a whale.

230
00:10:37,466 --> 00:10:38,693
They don't want run into a whale.

231
00:10:38,796 --> 00:10:39,786
It doesn't look good for them.

232
00:10:39,786 --> 00:10:42,636
It's not good for their captains, but
it's also, you know, something that

233
00:10:42,636 --> 00:10:43,866
they don't wanna have to go through.

234
00:10:43,866 --> 00:10:45,126
So I think it's really great.

235
00:10:45,226 --> 00:10:48,526
So the, the big thing is
21 calves is real progress.

236
00:10:48,526 --> 00:10:49,606
It's really great to see.

237
00:10:49,719 --> 00:10:51,399
Species are still critically endangered.

238
00:10:51,399 --> 00:10:54,939
They're still dying in recovery
will depend on what humans do next.

239
00:10:54,969 --> 00:10:58,929
How are we going to make things better
through innovation like ropeless gear

240
00:10:58,929 --> 00:11:04,058
through slowing down ships to reduce any
incidences or chances of ship strikes.

241
00:11:04,263 --> 00:11:08,853
And then just more technology for alert
systems and being able to detect whales

242
00:11:08,853 --> 00:11:12,183
when they're in and around a specific
area is gonna be really, really great.

243
00:11:12,296 --> 00:11:14,096
I think it'll be a good future for them.

244
00:11:14,096 --> 00:11:15,663
I think we're gonna be able to save them.

245
00:11:15,773 --> 00:11:17,783
There's still enough individuals,
even though they're critically

246
00:11:17,783 --> 00:11:20,813
in danger, there's not a ton
of reproductive females left.

247
00:11:20,813 --> 00:11:22,073
I think there's less than a hundred.

248
00:11:22,169 --> 00:11:24,689
If we can see an increase and
we can see these calves get to

249
00:11:24,689 --> 00:11:26,009
adulthood, that's even better.

250
00:11:26,009 --> 00:11:28,113
And more and more calves
every year is great.

251
00:11:28,226 --> 00:11:30,716
I'm hopeful, but like I
said, it's not recovery.

252
00:11:30,911 --> 00:11:32,681
We can still have hope,
but it's not recovery.

253
00:11:32,681 --> 00:11:33,668
We still need to do more.

254
00:11:33,774 --> 00:11:37,434
And we still need to like have you guys
not only learn about this, but make

255
00:11:37,434 --> 00:11:40,644
sure that your government officials are
making sure these policies are being

256
00:11:40,644 --> 00:11:44,094
stood right up to it and people are
abiding by it and we're enforcing it.

257
00:11:44,094 --> 00:11:45,654
' cause that's a huge thing to do.

258
00:11:45,654 --> 00:11:48,684
So it depends on not only
us, but our governments.

259
00:11:48,769 --> 00:11:51,349
Our fishing communities,
our shipping communities.

260
00:11:51,469 --> 00:11:54,319
This is all happens to
work well in our favor.

261
00:11:54,319 --> 00:11:56,929
So hopefully we can see the recovery
of these species soon, and we're

262
00:11:56,929 --> 00:11:59,689
hopeful right now, and hopefully
later we'll see the recovery.

263
00:11:59,799 --> 00:12:02,829
So if you have any questions or
comments or concerns, please let

264
00:12:02,829 --> 00:12:05,109
me know in the comments below if
you're watching this on YouTube.

265
00:12:05,219 --> 00:12:07,246
And if you're listening to this
on your favorite podcast app, the

266
00:12:07,246 --> 00:12:09,796
audio version, which I always love
'cause it started off in audio.

267
00:12:09,796 --> 00:12:11,719
I'm always gonna be with there in audio.

268
00:12:11,823 --> 00:12:16,143
Let me know what you think by going
to speak up for blue.com/feedback.

269
00:12:16,263 --> 00:12:16,849
So all one word.

270
00:12:16,949 --> 00:12:19,769
And I wanna thank you so much for
joining me on today's episode of the

271
00:12:19,769 --> 00:12:20,999
How to Protect the Ocean Podcast.

272
00:12:20,999 --> 00:12:23,549
I'm your host Andrew Lewin from
the True North Strong and free.

273
00:12:23,549 --> 00:12:24,149
Have a great day.

274
00:12:24,149 --> 00:12:26,549
We'll talk to you next time
and happy conservation.