July 16, 2026

What Lives in the Middle of the Ocean?

What Lives in the Middle of the Ocean?

A thousand meters down off the coast of Brazil, a deep-sea robot caught something almost no one has ever filmed alive: a giant open ocean octopus calmly eating a jellyfish. That moment, captured by the Schmidt Ocean Institute's ROV SuBastian aboard the research vessel Falkor (too), was part of a wider expedition that turned up more than two dozen species new to science, from glowing worms to glass squid to strange colonial siphonophores.

The discovery points to something bigger than one expedition. The ocean's midwater, the vast zone between the sunlit surface and the seafloor, is by volume the largest living space on the planet, and we've barely looked at it. It's also doing quiet, essential work: midwater animals help drive the biological carbon pump, moving millions of tons of carbon from the surface into the deep ocean every year and helping regulate the climate we all live in.

That same midwater is now facing a decision. Deep-sea mining companies want to extract metals from the seafloor below it, and the sediment plumes that the process kicks up could drift for enormous distances through this fragile, newly discovered ecosystem. The rulebook that would allow commercial mining hasn't been finished yet, and dozens of countries, including Canada and Brazil, have called for a pause. This episode breaks down what was found, why it matters, and what you can actually do about it this week.

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Transcript
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yeah, Michelle, back again.

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we're gonna be talking about deep sea species that were discovered off the coast of
Brazil, I believe.

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Um so yeah, let's get to it.

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Picture this.

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You're in a control room on a ship, far off the coast of Brazil.

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It's pretty dark outside.

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It's darker even below you.

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It's even darker below you.

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A robot the size of a small car is sinking through the black water, a thousand meters
down, its lights carving a tunnel through the dark.

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And then something drifts into frame.

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Big, pale, arms unfurling like a parachute.

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It's an octopus.

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A giant open ocean octopus.

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That almost no one has ever seen alive, and she's eating a jellyfish.

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The scientists in that room go quiet because this is an animal they mostly know from the
dead specimens hauled up in the nets.

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And here she is, alive, feeding, and real.

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That moment actually happened recently.

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It's a part of a much bigger story about the biggest living speci about the bit about the
biggest living space on the planet.

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A place where we have barely looked at.

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and a decision the world is about to make about his future.

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Let's get into it.

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Welcome to the How to Protect the Ocean Podcast.

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I'm your host, Andrew Lew, and this is a show where you we turn ocean science into action
that you can actually take.

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If this is your kind of thing, do me a quick favor and hit that follow button right now,
wherever you're listening.

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It's free, it tells the algorithm this stuff matters, and it means you won't miss the next
episode.

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So here's the question I want to answer today.

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What lives in the middle of the ocean?

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Why does it even matter to you even if you never go into the deep sea?

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Why does it matter to you even if you never go into the deep sea?

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And what can one person actually do to protect a three kilometers, to protect a place
three kilometers underwater?

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Now stick with me because the at the end of this episode you're gonna see the ocean's
biggest neighborhood is a complete in a completely different way.

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I'm gonna do say that again.

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Now stick with me.

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Because at the end of this episode, you're going to see the ocean's biggest neighborhood
in a completely different way.

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And I've got a few simple, honest things that you can do this week to help protect it.

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One story today.

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One story today.

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Let's get into it.

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Let's tell it.

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One story today, but we're going tell it in three parts.

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So part one is the dive.

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The ship is called Falkor 2.

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It's run by the Schmidt Ocean Institute, a group of du

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A group that does deep sea research and importantly streams a lot of it online for free.

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On this expedition off the coast of the B off the coast of Brazil, they sent down a
remotely operated vehicle.

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The deep sea robot named Sub Subastian, S U Subastion, tethered to the ship by a long
cable that feeds its power that feeds it power and sends video back in real time.

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They weren't diving to the seafloor, they were exploring the midwater.

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That's the open water between the sunlight surf.

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That's the open water between the sunlit surface and the bottom.

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Think of it as the ocean's middle, not the shallows, not the seabed, the vast in between.

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And what they found, and what they found there was a parade of animals, many of them brand
new to science.

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More than two dozen species that had never been seen.

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More than two dozen species that had never been formally described.

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New jellyfish, comb jellies, which shimmer, new jellyfish.

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comb jellies which shimmer and ripple as they beat down at the as they beat rows of their
tiny hairs like a living rainbow.

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Siphonophores, strange colonial creatures that string out through the water, that string
out through the water like a chain of beads.

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Tadpole-like animals called larvatians.

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A gosimer worm that glows and a tiny crustacean and a tiny crustacean called amphipod.

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And a tiny crustacean called an amphipod.

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They spotted a young glass squid completely see-through hanging in the water about 780
meters down.

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They filmed a dinner plate jellyfish hunting a comb jelly, swimming with his tentacles
held out in front like a net.

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And then there was the octopus.

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Her name scientifically is Halifron Atlanticus.

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She's an open ocean species, which is unusual for an octopus.

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Most octopuses live on the bottom.

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This one lives on the outer water column, and she's big.

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The body they filmed, just the main part, was part

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Was about the length of your forearm.

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But this species can grow to around four meters from arm from arm tip to arm tip and weigh
as much as a grown adult.

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Roughly 75 kilograms.

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Here's why the team got so excited.

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Almost everything we know about this animal, almost everything we know about this animal
comes from specimens caught in nets, dead, crushed.

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So what's one so watching one alive?

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At around 800 meters, calmly eating a red jellyfish, that's rare.

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That's a window into the behavior we almost never get to see.

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Now, one thing I want to point out.

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Now, one thing I want to point out.

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They just didn't aim a camera and guess.

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They used imaging systems built at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, including
a laser scanner that can capture the 3D shape of soft of a soft, transparent animal

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without ever touching it.

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And they ran genetic analysis on some samples to confirm new species fast.

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So this is a new way of doing deep sea biology.

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Look, don't grab.

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Scan, don't destroy.

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For fragile animals that fall apart the second you put them in a net, that's a big deal.

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Now, part two.

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This now, part two, why this matters, and this is where it gets, and this is where it gets
bigger than a cool octopus video.

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The chief scientist of this expedition, Karen Osborne, from the Sims from the Smithsonian,
called the midwater the largest habitat on Earth.

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And she's right, by volume, the open midwater is the biggest living space on the planet.

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It's the most room that life on Earth actually has.

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And we've barely even seen it.

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Here's a number that stopped me cold.

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A study published in 2025 in the journal Science Advances tried to work out how much of
the deep sea floor humans have actually looked at with cameras.

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Not mapped from above.

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Actually seen with our own eyes.

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The answer?

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Less than one thousandth of a percent.

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0.001%.

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The researchers said that a patch of deep seafloor The researchers said that's a patch of
deep seafloor smaller than the state of Rhode Island for the entire global ocean across

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nearly seventy years of exploration.

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And the little we have seen is lobsided.

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That same study looked at around 44%, about around 44,000 deep sea dives, and found that
above, and found that about two-thirds of all the visual observations were clustered near

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just three countries: the United States, Japan, and New Zealand.

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So we're not just missing most of the deep ocean.

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We're trying to understand a global system from a tiny bias sample.

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That's the seafloor.

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The midwater above it is even harder to reach and even less explored.

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So when the team goes to Brazil and finds two dozen new species in a matter of weeks,
that's not a fluke.

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That's the normal result of finally looking somewhere new.

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Okay, but maybe you're thinking, that's fascinating, but these are tiny jellies three
kilometers down.

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Why should I care?

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Here's why.

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These animals are running a system that keeps our planet livable.

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You've probably heard the ocean called the planet's lungs.

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Here's the part that people miss.

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A reason the ocean pulls carbon out of the atmosphere is because of the animals in that
midwater.

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Tiny plankton at the surface soak up carbon dioxide.

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They get eaten and package into waste and dead material.

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And it all sinks.

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Little animals in the midwater grab it, eat it, repackage it, and drive it deeper.

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Some of them even swim up to feed at night and sink back down by the day, carrying carbon
with them like a conveyor belt.

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Scientists call this biological scientists call this the biological carbon pump.

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And the scale is enormous.

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Estimates vary from study to study, but the ocean's biological pump moves somewhere
between 5 and 12 million tons of carbon from the surface toward the

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Deep every single year.

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A lot of the carbon can stay locked away for a century or more.

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With those midwater animals doing what with those midwater without those midwater animals
doing the work, without those midwater animals doing that work, there would be far more

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carbon dioxide.

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There would be far more carbon dioxide sitting on our atmosphere, sitting in our
atmosphere right now.

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So those weird, fragile, glowing animals off the coast of Brazil.

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So those weird, fragile, glowing animals off the coast of Brazil, they're not just a
sideshow.

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They're part of a machinery that regulates the climate you live in.

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And they're a b and they're food base for the fish, and they're a food base for the fish,
the squid, and the whales that a lot of people depend on.

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Now quick pause.

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If this is landing for you, if you're if you're looking at the deep ocean a little
differently right now, share this episode with with one person.

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Just one.

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Text it to somebody who loves the ocean or someone who has never thought about it once.

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Honestly, that's the most that's the most honestly, that's most useful things.

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Honestly, that's one of the most useful things you can do.

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And it takes only seconds.

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Okay, part three.

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And this is the part that turns a lot of this from nature documentary into a decision.

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Because at the same time we're discovering how animals and because at the same time we're
discovering how alive and how important the midwater is, there's a serious push to start

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mining below it.

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It's called deep sea mining.

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The target is the seafloor, thousands of meters down, where valuable metals sit in
potato-sized lumps called nodules.

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Cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese, manganese.

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Cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese.

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Metals used in batteries and electronics.

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Companies want to send machines down to scrape and vacuum those nodules off the bottom.

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Now there's a connection to everything, as I just told you.

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Mining the seafloor doesn't stay on the seafloor.

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The machine kicks up huge clouds of sediment, and that and to run the equipment, operators
operators pump material up the ship up to the ship, then discharge the leftover slurry

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back into the water.

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That creates plumes, clouds of fine sediment drifting through the midwater.

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That exact the exact zone that's all full of these fragile animals that are so important
to the ocean and so important to the planet.

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And here's the problem.

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And this is and this is backed by research.

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Midwater animals evolve in some of the clearest, calmest, most stable water on Earth.

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There's normally almost no sediment out there.

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And so that they are not built for mud.

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Sediments warn that fine scientists warn that fine particles can clog the feeding
structures of filter feeders.

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And the breathing structures of small fish.

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Those larvations I mentioned earlier, they're the ones that filter carbon out of the
water, their delicate mucus filters can get completely clogged.

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For jellies and siphanophores, sediment for jellies and syphanophores, sediment sticking
to their bodies can throw off their buoyancy.

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Their basic ability to stay where they need to be.

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Their basic ability to stay where they need to be.

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There's a lab study on deep sea jellyfish, the helmet jellyfish.

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There's a lab study on a deep sea jellyfish, the helmet jellyfish, published by the
Journal of Nature Communications.

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Published in the journal Nature Communications.

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The researchers exposed it to sediment like you'd get from the mining plume.

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And the stress response from the sediment was more severe than the stress response from a
four degree jump in water temperature.

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Sit with that for a second.

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For this animal, the mud was worse than extreme warming.

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And these plumes don't stay small because the midwater is one connected.

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Because the midwater is one connected moving system, scientists warn.

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I guess read that again.

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And these plumes don't stay small because the midwater is one connected moving system.

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Scientists warn plumes could spread for tens of even thousands of kilometers, and some of
the and some of the metals released could linger in the water for a very, very long time.

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So put it all together.

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We have barely explored the largest habitat on Earth.

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We're discovering it's full and of we're discovering that it's full of unknown life.

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We're discovering that it's full of unknown life.

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Nah, we're discovering that it's full of unknown life, doing critical work for the
climate, and we're on the edge of industrialization, and we're on the edge of

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industrializing it before we understand it.

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Here's the hopeful part, and it's real.

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This is not decided yet.

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The body that governs mining in international waters is called the International Seabed
Authority, the ISA.

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And so far, they have not finished the rule book that would allow full commercial mining
to start.

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Meanwhile, the pressure is building the other way.

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As of 2026, around 40 countries have formally called for a pause, a moratorium on an
outright and an out or an outright ban on deep sea mining until the science catches up.

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And here's the detail that I love.

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Two of those countries are Canada, my country, and Brazil.

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Brazil, right off one of the coasts, this expedition just found all this new life.

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So this so this is one of the most so this is one of those rare moments where the door is
still open.

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The decision is still being made, and public pressure genuinely matters here.

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So here's a takeaway I want to leave you with.

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The deep ocean is not empty.

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It is not a wasteland.

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It's the largest living space on earth.

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It's full of animals, we're only just meeting, and it's quietly helping hold our climate
together.

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And we're lucky.

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We're getting to see this fit, we're getting to see its face at the moment.

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uh

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We're getting to see its face right at the moment we decide what to do with it.

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Right now, that choice is still ours to make.

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Now, like always, let's make this doable.

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Like now, like always, let's make this doable.

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I'm not gonna pretend that you can't stop I'm not gonna pretend that you can't stop a
mining ship from your couch.

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I'm not gonna pretend that you can stop a mining ship from your couch.

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But here are a few honest real things that you can do this week.

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One, go watch the footage.

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The Smith Ocean to the Smith the Smith the Schmidt Ocean to The Schmidt Ocean Institute
puts its dives on YouTube for free, and many of them stream live.

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Search Stream Ocean Institute and just watch a dive.

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See the octopus for yourself.

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When people can picture what's down there, they start to care about it.

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That's not nothing.

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That's how movement starts.

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Two, find out where the two, find out where your country stands on deep sea mining.

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If you're in Canada and Brazil, your government has already backed a pause.

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So a quick, so a quick thank you note to your representative helps reinforce it.

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If you're somewhere that hasn't, that's a short, polite email we're sending.

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Keep it simple.

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Just ask them to support a precautionary pause until the science is in.

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Three, follow the science and share it.

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Groups like the Schmidt Ocean Institute, the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, and
the Ocean Discovery League are doing this work out in the open.

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Follow them.

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Share a clip.

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Every share puts these animals in front of someone who's never seen them.

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And four, a slower one.

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A lot of the demand for deep sea metals is tied to batteries.

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So anything that supports using less or reusing more, recycling your old electronics
properly, supporting better battery recycling, backing the companies working on it, chips

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away at the argument that we have no choice but to mine the deep sea.

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We do have choices.

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None of these fix it overnight, but this is a fight about attention as much as anything
else.

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For more of history, for more for most of history, the deep sea's biggest problem was
simply that nobody was looking.

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You're looking.

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You looking and caring and passing it on changes that.

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That's the episode for today.

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If this is something, if you got something out of this, follow the show, share it with one
person, and we'll see you in the next one.

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I want to thank you so much for joining me.

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And if you want to support the podcast, stuff I do on the podcast, on YouTube, as well as
on TikTok, Instagram, and Facebook.

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Please feel free to go to speakupforblue.com forward slash Patreon and support the effort
I do on Patreon.

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That's speakoutforblue.com forward slash Patreon.

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I want to thank you so much for joining me on today's episode of the How to Protect the
Ocean Podcast.

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I am your host, Andrew Lewin.

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Have a great day.

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We'll talk to you next time and happy conservation.

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Okay, Michelle.

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So these are I think I like these better in terms of storytelling.

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It's not like punchy.

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I find that what I was doing before sounded too much like AI was scripting it, which it
is, but it sounded too much.

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And it sounds like a lot of everybody else.

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So I like these types of stories, they're making it a lot more unique.

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So um yeah, we'll kind of continue.

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These would be great videos.

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Um, but yeah, we'll just continue with these on the podcast.

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All right.

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See ya.