100 Years of Data Reveals Why Sharks Keep Stealing Your Catch

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Okay, Michelle back again.

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Last episode for two weeks from now.

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So two Fridays from now.

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Uh we've got next week already.

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I think you're already editing.

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I already started see your editing.

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Uh and then we've got the week this is for the week after.

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So we're gonna be two weeks ahead.

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I like to keep it that way.

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So when I get back from my trip, we're gonna do that again.

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So that's gonna be a lot of fun.

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I'm looking forward to that.

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Okay, cool.

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Another one with this new line of podcast storytelling.

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it's probably gonna be about usually they're around fifteen or sixteen minutes.

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Um, somewhere between seven sixteen fifteen and seventeen minutes.

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let me know how you think of these, like what what you think of this this type of
storytelling.

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I feel like it's a little better, it's a little meatier.

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Um, so I'm hoping it'll do better.

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Okay, here we go.

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Picture this: you feel the strike, the rod loads up, line screaming, drag singing, and for
a few seconds you're winning.

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Then the rod goes light, reel up fast, and what comes over the gun whale is a head.

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Just a head.

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Clean bite behind the gills.

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Sometimes not even that.

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Sometimes just a bare hook.

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And a story that nobody at the dock is going to believe.

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If you fish

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In the Atlantic Coast.

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If you fish the Atlantic coast, you will already know this feeling.

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And if you love the ocean, you need to understand what it means.

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Because the fish that never made it to the boat is quietly turning some of the ocean's
biggest fans against one of the most important animals.

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Today we are talking about shark depredation and a brand new study that looked back that
looked back at hundred years to figure out why this is happening now.

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If you don't know what shark depredation is, essentially

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It's sharks eating the fish that an angler is about to catch, essentially.

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So it's like sharks competing to uh with fishing, with anglers and fishing.

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So it's quite an interesting way of looking at things, and we're going talk more about
today.

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But this is the How to Protect the Ocean podcast, and I'm Andrew Lewin.

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Every weekday I take one ocean story and hand you one thing you can actually do about it.

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No doom for the sake of doom, just what is happening, why it matters, and where you fit
in.

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If that's your kind of thing, hit that follow button right now so you never miss an
episode.

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I post Monday to Wednesday.

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No, I don't.

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I post Monday to Friday.

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Let's start that one again, Michelle.

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If that is your kind of thing, if that is your kind of thing, hit that follow button right
now so you never miss an episode.

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It is the single easy.

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If you're if this is if that's your kind of thing, hit that follow button right now so you
don't miss an episode.

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I post Monday to Friday.

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I post every Monday to Friday.

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It is the easiest way to help this show grow.

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It's the easiest way to help this show grow.

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Now here's the question I want to sit with today.

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What if the thing that is frustrating anglers all along the coast?

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What if the thing that is frustrating anglers all along the coast is actually a sign that
we did something right?

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Because that is the strange knot at the center of the story.

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Shark depredation is going up.

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Anglers are angry.

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And a lot of them are pointing at shark conservation as the villain, believe it or not.

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A new scientific study published in June in the ISIS Journal of Marine Science, of Marine
Science, decided to test the idea by going something, by doing something nobody had done

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before.

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They tracked 100 years of shark depredation across the entire Atlantic coast from Maine
all the way down to Texas and US Caribbean.

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What they found is going to reframe how you think every one of those.

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What you what they found is going to reframe how you think of every one of those
bite-offs.

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So let's get into it.

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Now here's the main story in part one of the now here's part one of the main story.

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What is actually happening on the water?

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First, the word depredation.

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It sounds technical, but it's simple.

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Depredation is when a shark bites or steals a fish you've already hooked before you can
get it into the boat.

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You did the work, you found the fish, you set the hook.

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You

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Started the fight and a shark collects the paycheck.

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This has happened to me a couple of times.

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This has happened to me once before in the Gulf of Mexico.

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It's quite frustrating.

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This is not new.

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Fishermen have dealt with it for generations.

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Ernest Hemoway built an entire novel around it back in 1952.

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But the anger around it is now is but the anger around it now is real and it is growing.

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And that is what sent this team of scientists digging.

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The study was led by Dr.

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Marcus Dreimond.

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The Mississippi State University at Mississippi at Mississippi State University working
with NOAA fisheries and a group of regional experts and graduate students.

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And here's why it matters.

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This is the first time all these regional specialties pulled their knowledge into one
coastwide picture.

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Before this, everyone had their own local piece of the puzzle.

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Nobody had the whole board.

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So what does the whole board look like?

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So what does the whole board look like?

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It is a bigger and messier one than any

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Is bigger and messier than anyone ever expected.

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The team document at least 51 different fish stocks that anglers targeted getting hit by
that anglers that anglers target that anglers target getting hit by depredation.

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And on the other side of that equation, 22 different species of shark doing the
depredation.

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That's a lot of species.

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First one, 51 target fish, 22 target species.

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That is not a single problem.

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That's dozens of problems wearing the same coat.

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And the two sharks showing the most and the two sharks showing up most often, bull sharks
and sandbar sharks.

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Hold on to those two names because they are going to matter in just a minute.

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One of them you're allowed to keep, one of them you're not.

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And the difference is big, is a bit in the different, and that difference is a big part of
this whole tangled mess.

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Dr.

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Draimond put it plainly.

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He said, at its core, this is about overlap.

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Overlap between people and wildlife, both reaching for a same fish at the same time.

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And if you want to understand why the overlap is growing, you have to look at what has
been happening to the sharks.

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Part two, why now?

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The recovery nobody talks about.

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Here's the part that mo peer's the part that most people miss.

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Let's go back to the 1980s and early 1990s.

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Atlantic shark populations were getting hammered.

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Overfishing, finning, almost no rules.

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Some coastal species were pushing way, way down.

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Sand sandbar sharks, the exact species now showing up in these bite-offs, were among the
hardest hit.

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So in 1993, the United States put its first real shark management plan into place.

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Quotas, limps, protections.

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Over the following years, it got stronger.

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Finning bands, species put completely off limits.

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And then something remarkable happened.

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It actually worked.

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Imagine you put policies together and it actually worked.

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A 2023 study in the journal of Pinas

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In a 2023 study in the journal of PNA PNAS looked at coastal shark populations over looked
at coastal pop looked at coast look at hmm looked at coastal shark populations before and

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after that 1993 plant.

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It found nine wide-ranging coastal shark species recovering after decades of decline.

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The researchers were direct about the cause.

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Well-enforced management, well-enforced management and science-based limits prevented
population collapses that were otherwise coming.

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Noah's own Noah's own surveys tell the same story.

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Dusky sharks, sandbar sharks, even white sharks are turning up more often than they used
to.

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And the sandbar sharks specifically, the directed fishery was one of the directed fishery
for them was shut down in 2008.

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Anglers cannot keep one today.

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They are still officially rebuilding.

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They're still officially rebuilding on a plan that stretches all the way to the year 2070,
but the trend is up.

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Now put those two facts side by sides.

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Most sharks, more sharks in the water, and more anglers on the water than ever.

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Reeling and fish.

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More sharks plus more lines equals more overlap.

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More overlap equals more stolen fish.

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The depredation is not proof that conservation failed.

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A lot of in a lot of cases is a shadow.

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A lot in a lot of cases, it is the shadow cast by conservation working.

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In a lot of cases, it is the shadow cast by conservation working.

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And the number

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around and the numbers around it is eye-opening.

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One major review of the global research found one major review of the global research
found that depredation that depredation rates ranging anywhere from about 1% of the catch

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on the low end and more than a quarter of your catch on the high end.

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Do that again.

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One major review of global one major review of global research found depredation rates
ranging anywhere from about 1% of the catch on the low end to more than a quarter of your

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catch on the high end, depending on where and how you fish.

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A national angler survey out of 2022 found that more than three-quarters of anglers said
that they had experienced depredation, with Florida as a major hotspot.

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But here's a detail that really stopped me.

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That same research estimated that nearly 80% of the depredation happens unseen.

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You never watch the shark do it.

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You just feel the line go slack and reel up the evidence.

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Which means that most of the time the angler is left to guess where who the culprit was.

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And guesses, especially angry ones, not always fair to the animal.

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And guesses, especially angry ones, are not always fair to the animal.

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Part three the problem hiding underneath.

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So far this might sound like a frustrating story.

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Annoying, sure, but it is only really but is it really an ocean problem?

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Yes.

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And this is part of why I want you to hear.

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This is part of why I mo why I most want you to hear.

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And this is the part yes, and this is the part I most want you to hear.

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When a shark eats your hooked fish, that when a shark eats your hooked fish, that fish
when a shark eats your hooked fish, that fish is still dead.

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It still came out of the population.

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But it never gets counted.

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In fishery scientists, in fishery science, that is what they call dead discard.

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A fish that died but never showed up on the logbook.

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The NOAA study flagged this directly.

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Depre depredated fish are effectively dead discards that are not well documented.

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And in some cases, that accounted, and some cases, and in some cases, that unaccounted
mortality could throw off the stock assessments we use to manage those fish in the first

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place.

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Read that again.

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The bite-offs are not just costing anglers.

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The bite-offs are not just costing anglers a fish in a bad afternoon.

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They are creating a blind spot in the data we use to keep those fish populations healthy.

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That is an ocean problem.

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That is a management problem.

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That is everybody's problem.

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And here's the hard truth with researchers.

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And here's the hard truth the researchers landed on.

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There is no simple fix.

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51 targeted species, 22 shark species.

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Every one of them managed by different rules in different states and federal waters.

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Bull sharks can be harvested.

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Sandbar sharks cannot.

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This is the one solution that works across there is one solution that works across all of
it.

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What the scientists recommended instead of a combinate what the scientist recommended
instead is a combination.

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I'm sorry, I'm gonna go back to that one line at the end.

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There is no one solution that works across all of it.

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What the scientists recommend instead is a combination.

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Keep testing shark d keep testing shark deterrent devices.

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Keep the sustainable shark fisheries we do have running smartly.

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And above all, keep scientists, fishermen, and managers talking to each other instead of
past each other.

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Because the alternative, the bumper sticker solution of killing more sharks, the bumper
sticker solution of just killing more sharks, would quietly unravel one of the one of the

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few big marine conservation wins this country already has.

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Quick pause.

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If this show, quick pause, if this episode is connecting the dots for you, do me one
favor.

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Share with the person who fishes.

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Just one.

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This is exactly the kind of story that flattened into sharks bad at the rope.

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That this is this is the exact kind of story that gets flattened into sharks bad at the
rope at the boat ramp.

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And you are passing it along.

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And you passing it along is how the fuller picture actually travels.

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All right, let's talk about what you can do now.

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Okay, let's talk about what you can do now.

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Take out the all-right.

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Okay, let's talk about what you can do now.

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Here is the takeaway.

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I here's the takeaway I want you to carry off the water.

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Shark depredation is real.

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The frustration the frustration is shark depredation is real.

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The frustration is legitimate.

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Nobody is asking anglers to smile while sharks eat their dinner.

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But the story underneath is a conservation, but the story underneath is that but the story
underneath it is a conservation success story.

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Wearing an inconvenient disguise.

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Wearing an inconvenient disguise.

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Sharks are bad.

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And the goal now is not to reverse that, is to learn how to share, is to learn how to
share the water.

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So here's where you come in.

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Same day, real and honest about.

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Same day, real and honest about what you can do and cannot do.

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If you are an angler, scientist points to a handful of small moves that add up.

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Move move spots more often instead of grinding one hungry hole.

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Move spots more often instead of grinding one honey hole where the sharks have learned to
wait.

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Get your fish up faster when it when you can.

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Get your fish up faster when you can, so there's little time for the shark to close in.

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Try lures or jigs instead of soaking bait, since less scent of the water means less of an
invitation.

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And stop dumping fish waste right where you're fishing.

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None of this is a magic switch, of course, but researchers who study this clear

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But researchers who study this are clear that stacked together they can add up to a
meaningful drop in by drop in byte-offs.

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You can also test the deterrent with clear eyes.

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Some electrical and magnetic devices have shown real promise in field trials, buying you
extra seconds to land a fish.

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Others on the market have almost no independent evidence behind them.

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So treat the flaky marketing claims with a healthy dose of skepticism.

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With a healthy dose of skepticism.

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And look for actual testing before you spend.

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And whether or not you fish, the biggest thing that you can do is protect the story
yourself.

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The next thing the next time you hear someone at the dock or someone in the comment
section say the answer is just to call the sharks, you know now.

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You now know.

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You now know that you now know a Jeff you now know enough to gently push back.

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You can say the sharks are back in this the sharks coming back.

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You can say that the sharks coming back is a win.

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The bite-offs are a mag.

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Byte offs a management puzzle, not a reason to undo decades of recovery.

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And one more, if you fish or you get deprecated, if you fish and you get depredated, if
you fish and you get depredated, report it.

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Noah and its partners are actively building better ways to log these events because right
now, most of them vanish unseen.

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Your report helps turn the 80% of the invisible byte-offs into real data.

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And better yet and better data is what keeps both the fish and the sharks managed
honestly.

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That is the whole idea.

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You do not have to choose between healthy fisheries and healthy shark populations.

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The science says you can have both, but only if we stay at the table together.

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That's the episode.

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If you got something out of it, follow the show wherever you're listening and share it
with one of your angler friends.

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I read all I read the messages.

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So if you have I read the messages.

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So if you felt I read the message.

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So if you felt depredation firsthand, tell me your story.

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Hit me up on the social media links in the show notes.

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And I might read in the f on a future episode.

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But that's it for today's episode.

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If you want to support the podcast, please uh do so by going to speakupforblue.com forward
slash Patreon.

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You can support me on Patreon by going to speakupforblue.com forward slash Patreon.

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I'd love for your support.

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I do a lot of work on this in the podcast, YouTube channels, all social medias like TikTok
and Instagram and and Facebook.

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And I would love for you if you feel like you want to support and you're in the area to
support you you can support.

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I would love for you to support and join a community of people who want to get together
and talk about the ocean.

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That's it for today's episode.

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Thank you so much for joining me on today's episode of the How to Protect the Ocean
podcast.

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I'm your host, Andrew Lewin.

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Have a great day.

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We'll talk to you next time and happy conservation.

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Okay, around 17 minutes, maybe a little less.

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Thank you so much for all this.

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I know it's a lot of work because I'm messing up a lot, but I appreciate Michelle.

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All right, I'll talk to you soon.

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Bye.