Episodes

A potential super El Niño is developing in the Pacific Ocean, and scientists are warning that it could have major consequences for marine ecosystems around the world. While El Niño is a natural climate pattern, stronger events can dramatically alter ocean conditions by warming surface waters and reducing the nutrients that support marine food webs. In this episode, we explore why researchers are watching this event so closely and what it could mean for the future of the ocean. One of the biggest...

After 11 years of hosting How to Protect the Ocean , I wanted to take a step back and reflect on what the journey has taught me. What started as a simple passion project became a platform for ocean storytelling, science communication, and career development. Along the way, I learned lessons about persistence, networking, and creating opportunities that I never could have predicted when I published the first episode. One of the biggest takeaways is that building a career in marine science and con...

What happens when one of the world’s most important ocean monitoring systems is nearly shut down? The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) collects critical data on ocean temperatures, oxygen levels, currents, marine ecosystems, and climate change. Earlier this year, parts of the program faced significant cuts, raising concerns among scientists, policymakers, and ocean advocates. In this episode, we explore why researchers fought so hard to save the OOI, how the National Academies challenged the...

The ocean is facing some of the biggest challenges in its history. Rising temperatures, marine heatwaves, coral bleaching, habitat loss, and overfishing continue to put pressure on marine ecosystems around the world. If you only follow the headlines, it can feel like ocean conservation is losing the battle. But hidden within a recent United Nations ocean report is a surprising reason for optimism. While ocean health continues to decline in many areas, the systems designed to protect the ocean ar...

For decades, Indigenous communities were often asked whether they approved of projects happening in their territories. But a different question is now emerging: why should they not own part of those projects? In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean , Andrew Lewin looks at the shift from consultation to Indigenous ownership in ocean conservation, fisheries, infrastructure, and ocean technology. From the Mi’kmaq ownership stake in Clearwater Seafoods to the future of ocean data, monitoring, an...

Pilot whales rely on sound for nearly every aspect of their lives. They use vocalizations to communicate with family members, coordinate movements, find food, and navigate through their environment. But what happens when the ocean becomes so noisy that those sounds are drowned out? In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean , we explore new research suggesting that commercial shipping noise in the Strait of Gibraltar may be interfering with the ability of pilot whales to hear and communicate wi...

In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, Andrew Lewin looks at the Trump administration’s move to reopen protected marine sanctuary waters to commercial fishing and asks a bigger question: who actually benefits when public ocean resources are opened up? The episode breaks down why marine protected areas matter, how fisheries recover when protections stay in place, and why local and Indigenous fishing communities may not be the ones who gain when large commercial fleets get access. Support In...

A viral underwater video of a great white shark in the Mediterranean Sea recently captured the attention of people around the world. For many viewers, the footage seemed to show a shark appearing in a place where it shouldn’t be. But the truth is much more interesting. Great white sharks have been documented in the Mediterranean for decades, yet they remain one of the most mysterious and least understood apex predators in the region. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, Andrew breaks dow...

Ocean conservation is often treated like an impossible problem, but the truth is simpler: when strong laws are created, enforced, and guided by science, ocean protection works. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, Andrew Lewin looks at the unglamorous but powerful role of legislation in ocean conservation. From Canada’s Oceans Act and marine protected areas to the U.S. Endangered Species Act, Marine Mammal Protection Act, and Magnuson-Stevens Act, this episode shows how laws can help rec...

Canada has a rare chance to become a global ocean conservation leader, but the path is not simple. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean, Andrew Lewin breaks down Canada’s proposed $3.8 billion nature strategy, what it could mean for marine protected areas, and why ocean protection matters as development pressures grow. From pipelines and shipping to offshore oil and gas, fisheries conflicts, climate change, and Arctic access, Canada’s ocean future is being shaped right now. This episode l...

The world has now protected about 10% of the ocean, a major milestone compared to where we were a decade ago. But with the global 30x30 target aiming to protect 30% of land and ocean by 2030, the big question is whether we are protecting the right places, fast enough, and with enough enforcement to make those protections real. In this episode, Andrew breaks down why 10% ocean protection is worth celebrating, why the next 20% will be difficult, and why small coastal protected areas still matter e...

Many people feel powerless when it comes to environmental issues. Whether it's climate change, habitat destruction, or controversial development projects, it can seem like the biggest decisions are made without public input. But recent protests against proposed AI data centers are reminding us that communities still have influence when people choose to get involved. Across North America, residents have been raising concerns about water use, energy demand, environmental impacts, and transparency ...

Ocean conservation often focuses on threats: climate change, overfishing, plastic pollution, deep-sea mining, and political failure. But on World Ocean Day, this episode takes a step back to ask a deeper question: why do we protect the ocean in the first place? I reflect on the emotional, cultural, and personal connections people have with the ocean, from living near the coast to watching whales, exploring tide pools, diving, kayaking, listening to waves, or simply standing beside water and feel...

Cold water oceans do not always get the same attention as coral reefs and tropical beaches, but they are full of incredible life, beauty, and ecological importance. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean , Andrew Lewin speaks with Kirsti Burnett about why cold and temperate marine ecosystems deserve more love, curiosity, and protection. From Nova Scotia’s eelgrass beds and coastal inlets to blue sharks, mola mola, leatherback sea turtles, North Atlantic right whales, and cold water kelp for...

Tide pools may look like simple puddles along the shoreline, but they are tiny ocean ecosystems filled with fish, crabs, snails, sea stars, worms, algae, and other hidden marine life. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean , Andrew Lewin explains why tide pools are one of the best ways to experience the ocean without a boat, scuba gear, or expensive equipment. These small pools reveal how much life exists right at our feet, and why slowing down is often the best way to discover it. You will...

Leatherback sea turtles are usually associated with warm tropical beaches, but some of the world’s largest sea turtles travel thousands of kilometers to cold Canadian waters each year. Why? Jellyfish. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean , Andrew Lewin explains why Atlantic Canada is an important feeding destination for leatherback sea turtles, how cold water ecosystems support huge bursts of life, and why these northern waters matter more than many people realize. Support Independent Pod...

Blue sharks are one of the most beautiful and misunderstood predators in the ocean. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean , we explore how this sleek, cold water shark can change the way people think about sharks, especially when they see one off the coast of Atlantic Canada. Blue sharks travel enormous distances, follow ocean conditions, and play an important role in healthy marine ecosystems. They are predators, but they are also ambassadors for a better understanding of sharks. This epi...

Ocean sunfish are one of the strangest fish on Earth. They can look like a giant floating dinner plate, drift sideways at the surface, and appear almost lifeless, but their strange behaviour is part of an incredible survival strategy. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean , Andrew Lewin explores why the mola mola, also known as the ocean sunfish, spends time in cold Canadian waters. These waters may not look tropical or crystal clear, but they are packed with plankton, jellyfish, nutrients...

High Seas Treaty | Ocean Governance | Marine Protection How do you protect an ocean that belongs to everyone and no one at the same time? In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean , Andrew Lewin speaks with Rebecca Hubbard , Director of the High Seas Alliance , about one of the most important ocean agreements in history: the High Seas Treaty. The high seas cover nearly half of Earth’s surface and contain some of the planet’s most important ecosystems. Yet for decades, there has been no compreh...

The High Seas Treaty took nearly 20 years to negotiate, not because countries disagreed that the ocean matters, but because ocean protection becomes much harder when money, power, access, and fairness are involved. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean , we look at why protecting the high seas is so politically difficult. From industrial fishing fleets and marine genetic resources to enforcement, ratification, and accountability, this story shows why global ocean conservation is never just...

High Seas Treaty implementation is now the real test for ocean conservation. The agreement was historic, but the hardest part was never getting countries to celebrate the deal. The real challenge is what happens after the headlines disappear. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean , Andrew Lewin looks at whether the High Seas Treaty can actually change anything for biodiversity beyond national waters. The treaty creates a legal pathway for marine protected areas on the high seas, but enforc...

High seas protection sounds powerful, but can marine protected areas actually work thousands of kilometres from shore? In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean , Andrew Lewin breaks down why creating protected areas beyond national waters is historic, but also incredibly difficult. The episode explores the difference between paper parks and real protection, why enforcement matters more than most people realize, and how satellite monitoring, AIS tracking, Global Fishing Watch, political will, ...

High seas conservation matters because nearly half of the planet lies beyond any one country’s control. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean , we ask a deceptively simple question: who actually owns the ocean? Andrew breaks down what the high seas are, why international waters have historically been treated like a free-for-all, and why that approach no longer works in a world of industrial fishing, deep-sea mining interests, global shipping, and climate change. This episode explains why t...

Forage fish may be small, but they hold Canada’s ocean food web together. In this episode of How to Protect the Ocean , Andrew Lewin speaks with Jack Daly, marine scientist at Oceana Canada, about the new report Little Fish, Big Foundation and what it reveals about the state of forage fish across Canada. These tiny fish, including capelin, herring, mackerel, sardines, and anchovies, feed whales, seabirds, cod, salmon, sharks, and coastal communities. But many stocks are depleted, poorly understo...